Application Of Using Crispr Cas

CRISPR is a new gene-modifying tool that has the potential to treat numerous medical conditions by editing genes that are responsible for certain diseases. This technology is based on the ability of bacteria to destroy the DNA of invading viruses. Studies have suggested that this new technology can be applied to human cells, although the idea of chopping up regions of the human genome can be unethical and could even be harmful. In order for the treatment to be administered to a patient, a small piece of RNA and an enzyme that makes a cut in the DNA are delivered to the cells. A biotechnology company, known as Editas Medicine, located in Cambridge, MA, is already designing treatments for conditions of the blood and the eye using CRISPR. For

Humans have been genetically engineering organisms for nearly 10,000 years using traditional methods of modification—among these methods include selective breeding and crossbreeding. Though effective, these methods were unreliable and were only able to change certain traits. A lack of control over our genetic material proved to be a clear hindrance to our species; when harnessed, advancements in other fields of knowledge would be immeasurable. Once seen as an impossible task, scientists have been able to exploit genes and take control of them. CRISPR-Cas9 is a system that allows scientists to cleave off sections of DNA and artificially modify them by inserting a mutation into the place of the old DNA. This is exceptionally precise, whilst

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, referring to the repeating DNA sequences found in the genomes of microorganisms. CRISPR technology allows scientists to make precise changes in genes by splicing and replacing these DNA sequences with new ones. Through these changes, the biology of the cell is altered and possibly affects the health of an organism. The possibilities are endless as this offers opportunities in curing deadly diseases, modifying genes, and changing humanity as we know it. Although bioengineering has been around since the 1960s, CRISPR is significant because of the comparative low costs and the ease of the procedure to

In “Life the Remix,” Alice Park discusses the impact and influence CRISPR has on science as well as its potential and risks. CRISPR—“clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”—is a technique to alter DNA, virtually for anything involving DNA. Although there have been attempts to edit DNA, none were as cheap and simple as CRISPR. This technique, which is based on the immune system of a bacetria, revolutionizes genetics after the subsequent discoveries of the molecular scissors enzyme: Cas9 and a method to efficiently and accurately edit human DNA using CRISPR, explains Park.

Every few years, advancements in technology alter the way scientists do their work. Recently CRISPR-Cas9, a RNA useful for working organisms in the animal kingdom has proven itself beneficial on a gene-editing platform. After performing many abortive attempts to manipulate gene function, including homologous recombination and RNA interference, scientists have finally had a breakthrough with CRISPR-Cas9.

The Human Genome has 50,000 to 100,000 genes within it. ("Genetic Information and the Workplace.") If even one of these genes has a mutation the person could gain serious medical issues. These mutations could be passed down from parents or could just randomly appear

CRISPR has been used on animals before but, the real question is should we use CRISPR on humans? According to the Board Institute CRISPR stand for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which are the hallmark of a bacterial defense system that forms the basis for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology.

CRISPR-Cas9, a genome editing instrument, moves to change the field of biology forever. CRISPR was first observed as an innate defense mechanism used by bacteria. After years of development, scientists have been able to construct their own RNA that guides the CRISPR-Cas9. This allows them to control the behavior of the CRISPR-Cas9. What this could mean for the future is overwhelming.

The power to genetically modify the human genome is being held captive even though it holds the opportunity to cure genetic diseases. The CRISPR method offers “unparalleled potential for modifying the human

The human species have the extraordinary characteristic that has given us the ability to flourish all over the world. Humans are adaptive; refashioning our surroundings and passing this information down to the next generation to be built upon, has lead to a thriving species. Now, instead of modifying solely our outside environment, it is possible to also engineer our own genetic makeup. This genetic engineering is known as CRISPR. The system was originally discovered in bacteria as a protection mechanism against unknown pathogens; however, after being repurposed into a more generally practical technology, the genetic nature of essentially any species can be revised. This modernizing genomic engineering system has equipped scientists with the ability to precisely modify the DNA of almost any organism, including humans. CRISPR finds the specific strand of DNA that is unfavorable and replaces it

CRISPR-Cas9 is not an artificial construction; bacteria use it as a form of adaptive anti-viral immunity. When infected with a pathogen, bacteria that has this system retain a portion of the infecting virus in their chromosomal DNA. The cell then transcribes those sequences (called CRISPRs, or “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”) and processes them into short RNAs called crRNAs. The crRNA guides the Cas9 nuclease to its target (normally, an invading viral nucleic acid) and cuts the foreign nucleic acid, rendering the virus useless in the process.

The practical uses for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and other nuclease gene editing methods extend to animals as well. There are many proposed uses of the technology that need to be considered according to their associated risks and benefits. The first of which is the use of CRISPR to knock out genes associated with horn development in dairy cattle (Cima, 2016). Animals with horns present a hazard to animals kept in the same enclosure as them and to the workers that handle them. Only a small percentage of dairy cattle are born without horns, the rest need to have their horns removed. The horn removal process is considered inhumane and causes the animal a lot of pain according to animal rights activists. Using the modern gene editing tools scientists are able to reduce the suffering of animals while still protecting other cattle and their handlers. Traditional breeding methods have failed to produce a hornless cow while preserving the Holsteins ' large milk production (Staropoli, 2016).

In 2012, at the University of California, Berkeley, CRISPR/Cas9 was invented. Since its creation it has become exceedingly popular and scientists are discovering more and more ways to use this gene editing technique.

Humans are infinite. We have the natural drive to grow exponentially. But our society is like the retro game Snake. If we continue to grow and grow without checking ourselves, we will eventually bite ourselves in the butt, and lose the game.

Gene technology is a type of biotechnology which incorporates the use of plants animals and micro-organisms to create new products or processes. Biotechnology uses bacteria and enzymes to make industrial processes work more efficiently and create less pollution, or to clean up the environment ("Biotechnology and Gene Technology - Home Page", 2016). A type of gene technology which has recently been developed is CRISPR technology with the purpose of gene editing. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ("CRISPR: A game-changing genetic engineering technique - Science in the News", 2014). CRISPR brings up many concerns to do with whether it should be used. With this technology comes the possibility of genetically