Application of Statistical Concepts in Determination of Weight Variation in Samples

Potential error could result in when quantitatively transferring in any step and spillinng or not transferring all of any given solution. When diluting each flask has a different level for where its specific volume is, so overfilling the flask is possible when not being focused on. The condition of each penny can impact the results by if some copper was chipped off, or if anything attached to the pennies could impact test results. All of these could result in a different than desired copper percentage. It is important that the absorbance of each penny be within the range of absorbance the calibration curve has. This is because the curve created for this lab was made with 0.00 – 10.00mL of Cu^(2+)stock solution when using those values idealy this curve should therefore be 0-100% copper percentage. If values were found outside of this calibration curve then there would be problems with either calculations or a different curve would be needed to properly record

Purpose: To become familiar with the International System of Units and common laboratory equipment and techniques. To learn how to determine volume, mass, length, and temperature of a wide variety of items. To learn how to calculate density and concentration of dilutions.

As discussed in the previous section, a normal distribution has particular characteristics it conforms to. i.e.

Standard deviation is a way of visualizing how spread out points of data are in a set. Using standard deviation helps to determine how rare or common an occurrence is. For example, data points falling within the boundaries of one standard deviation typically account for about 68% of data and those between (+/-)1 standard deviation and (+/-)2 standard deviations make about 27% combined. This can be better visualized by using a bell graph. Using the mean and standard deviation, the points where standard deviations occur can be drawn on the graph to better understand which data is rare and which is common.

A few sources of potential error are as follows: loss of product on glassware throughout the experiment, inadequate measuring of chemicals, "impure" chemicals being worked with, and loss of final product during crystallization processes.

Controls- The control in this experiment was very important because if it was not contained, then the data would have been faulty. It was very difficult to keep

One of the most important skills to have in the chemistry lab is the understanding of how chemicals will react. Knowing for example, how a chemical will react with a metal, is an excellent way of determining the amount of a particular metal in a deposit. This knowledge was used in this lab to determine the amount of copper in an unknown sample mixture. It is also known that the determination of the percent concentration of a certain solution, will directly effect the percent transmission and absorption of a solution, dependent upon its dilution. By first testing known concentrations of a solution, and plotting this information graphically, a line is formed

standard deviation standardized value rescaling z-score normal model parameter statistic standard Normal model 68-95-99.7 Rule normal probability plot

It “doesn’t really give you the whole picture” of what pollutants may be there, she explains. So she uses a combination of tests. These don’t look for particular chemicals. “This newer method lets the sample tell you what’s in it,” she

Throughout 1984, the past in one of winston's greatest values. Winston struggles to successfully recapture any evidence of the era before Big Brother. The party, wanting nothing to do with such things, relentlessly hunts down any related item to the past and manipulates it to heighten the reputation of Big Brother. Winston was always against the party in some sort of form, either it was the dairy or the act of secretly visiting Julia, but what would allow him to escape or rebel the party the most was his strong connections to the past and the ideals he held toward them. Winston’s strong curiosity to the past made himself illegally buy items-the glass paperweight-that would remind him of a world that was gone and that would in a sense let him

• It's an expensive technique as it requires costly HPLC instrumentation, columns and also use of highest grade of purity solvents, buffers, chemicals etc termed as HPLC grade.

Thepercent error was calculated making use of the formula: “Differencebetween experimental and reference value divided by reference valuetimes 100=% error.Results:Lab Room Temperature Degrees ℃.20.9℃.Mass of 1mL of water=water density (g/mL). 0.9928g/mLReference Value (from data table).0.9982Percent error.0.54%Part D: Density of a solid. To determine the density of a solid, lead shot, graduated cylinder and a labwash bottle filled with distilled water were required. An approximate of 40g of lead shot was tarred into a weighing boat and thentransported on the scale and its mass was recorded accurately to 3 decimalplaces. Using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, 5mL of water was measured. The lead shot was poured into the graduated cylinder filled with water andthe volume of the water plus lead was recorded. The volume of the lead shot was calculated by subtracting the original valueof 5mL of water from the volume of water plus shot lead, and then it

Energy plays a crucial role in growth of developing countries like Philippines. In the context of low availability of non – renewable energy resources coupled with the requirements of large quantities of energy for building materials like cement, the importance of using industrial waste cannot be underestimated.

This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the results obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments.

of being able to analyze multiple samples in a short amount of time. The most efficient way of determining concentration is to prepare a set of standard solutions of known