Application of Sturctural Geology to Petroleum Engineering

Since the beginning of the oilfield in the United States, Texas has been one of the leading states in this industry. In 1866, Lyne T. Barret drilled the first producing oil well at Melrose in Nacogdoches County [7]. From here, more wells were brought in, but the big Texas oil revolution began at a well-called Lucas No. 1. It was here, In Spindle top, Beaumont, where Capt. Anthony F. Lucas drilled the well that would produce 94 percent of the state’s production at the time and produce more than 17 million barrels of oil [7]. Now, 114 years later, Texas has given up another oil field play that will revolutionize the industry. This play is named Eagle Ford Shale. Figure 1 shows where the shale outcrops

Offshore drilling has become an essential part of today’s oil production and demand for energy. With the growth of population comes the increasing demand for oil. The oil industry today, is one of the most used providers of energy. Today in the 20th century the majority of the population in America has a car and cars needs gas to run. The oil reserves in the earth that are easily accessible via land are starting to run dry and are becoming harder to find. This is why we have begun to see more and more offshore oil drills. Although there are benefits of offshore drilling such as profit, lower gas prices, and becoming less dependent on foreign oil. There are also many drawbacks in which if something were to go wrong, the mistake would be catastrophic impacting the environment, the nature, and have trickling effects all around the world.

Petroleum system processes include source rock, seal rock, reservoir rock as well as overburden rock. The processes inherent in petroleum system include the trap formation and the generation, migration and

The issue of whether offshore oil drilling is a safe operation or not has been arguing for a long time in the United States. ( SPE International, N.D.) Drilling on water started in early 1930s in Louisiana by shallow-draft barges. Nevertheless, the first oil well on water was drilled in 9th of September, 1947 by Kerr-McGee’s unit Tender Assist Drilling (TAD) in the Gulf of Mexico (SPE International, N.D.). A year after year, oil companies used more and more sophisticated equipment to drill on water, but the number of spilled accidents has been rising since 1964 (Ivanovich, and Hays, 2008). After all, while

From the advert of the modern oil and gas industry, petroleum geologists and engineers have followed a conventional route for exploration; look for hydrocarbon source rocks, find reservoir quality rocks where hydrocarbons can accumulate, identify a trapping mechanism and then drill a well. But a revolution is taking place in the exploration and production (E&P) industry. Rocks that in the past were of little interest, other than as potential source rocks, are today being actively pursued as potential reservoirs. When considering unconventional resource plays, the focus is on finding organic shale’s. This development represents a fundamental shift in the way exploration companies consider resource plays. Engineers and geologists studying shale gas resources find that reservoir can lead to process adaptation and refinement of techniques. It is important to integrate data from many sources and at many scales to optimally drill, complete and stimulate wells to produce hydrocarbons from their source rocks. The two other type of existing unconventional gas resources are

Oil and Gas refers to the naturally occurring liquid and natural gas specifically made up of long chain hydrocarbons and various organic compounds found beneath the surface of the earth in entrapments called reservoirs; the presence of oil and gas in these reservoirs is the reason humans survive everyday and carry out their daily activities effectively. Different activities are usually carried out to ensure that the oil and gas present in the reservoirs continue to support humans through their day-to-day activities; such activities include exploration, development, production and finally, abandonment and reclamation. This process is what is referred to as “the oil and gas process”. On completion of this process, numerous

Effective and economical production of hydrocarbons has gained great attention worldwide due to the increasing demand for oil and the challenges oil companies face to deliver more oil from their oilfields. Water flood is generally used as an economic and effective method in secondary mode recovery after primary (natural) driving mechanisms have been depleted. Generally, water flooding still leaves behind 60-70% of the oil initially in place (OIIP) inside the reservoir and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods are introduced to produce further oil from the reservoir. EOR is simply defined as the injection of materials that do not naturally exist under the earth’s surface to increase the oil production rate of a reservoir. Primarily, there are

The study field is located in the Sirte Basin. This Basin, located in the north central extension of Libya, covers an area of about 500,000km2, between latitudes 270N-330N and 160E and 220E. It is ranked 13th among the world’s major hydrocarbon provinces and contains the major hydrocarbon producing fields in Libya.

The upstream sector of the oil and gas industry is majorly capital intensive and characterised by numerous uncertainties likely to affect exploration and exploitation of natural resources. The complexity of projects, stringent regulatory framework and operating circumstances contribute to its functionality and outcomes. Host countries have the benefit of negotiating the arrangement in which multinationals firms will operate.

The quality of the reservoirs in terms of porosity, permeability and transmissivity decreases down the depth. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hydrocarbon potential and productivity of the reservoir sands can be classified in decreasing order of arrangement as A, B and C. The reservoir A in well Bonn 007, 009, 013, 015, 017 and 019 is the best in terms of hydrocarbon production and hydrocarbon in such wells can easily migrate to the wellbore as compared to other two reservoirs.

With the fast advancement and development of the vitality area, a vocation in the oil and gas industry has unquestionably turned into a standout amongst the most imminent in the business sector today. In UK, for instance, the industry has seen a colossal venture running regarding billions of pounds in the most recent quite a while. This implies that there is a normal high rate of making of new employments and opportunities in this field. Then again, of course, the essential aptitudes and learning advancement will be

The age demographic segment of oil and gas industry is normally people in their late 40s and early 50s. There is also a group of neophytes but there are very few people with ages between the two groups. Also, most of the people in this industry are highly specialty engineers with experience and skills to make important decision about drilling. There are also other specialty people in the business sides to vision and plan the competitive strategies to compete with other companies.

As the world and our nation tries to a find alternative sources of energy, which reduce harmful emissions, the amount of energy being consumed continues to rise. At present, and near future, oil and natural gas remain the most viable energy solution. As a result the future supply of energy, and the extension, the preservation of the environment relies on Petroleum Engineers. This makes petroleum engineering one of the most exciting fields and is a major reason why I have decided to focus on a degree with that in mind.

Gas and oil development plans are branded by huge capital investments. Exploration and production operations incorporate numerous activities, reaching from undertaking geological surveys, finding hydrocarbon resources, and commercially exploiting them. Projects in this area are of a high risk nature in physical trading, and political sense as it is hard to know in advance the presence, degree and value of hydrocarbon resources, as well as production costs and the price oil of oil in the global world market Kaiser, Mark .J (2007)

The world, as we know it, is dependent on oil and gas. Oil and gas enables the world to have energy, to travel to and from various locations, controls the economy, and essentially makes the world go round. As the world becomes more dependent on oil and gas, becoming a single energy-consuming unit, it begins to solely function on energy by craving more of it, crashing without it, and obtaining it by any means necessary. Whether drinking water sources become contaminated or alterations in tectonic structure take place, the world needs what it needs, right? In order to obtain oil and gas more efficiently, researchers have developed two new technologies that have been combined to allow the extraction of oil and gas from low permeability rock,