Applications of Noise and Vibration Studies

These averages we determined from the trials can be compared to the accepted speed of sound (344.2 m/s in this specific temperature), and we determine the relative error percentages:

Secondly, this technology does not cause any friction between the train and the track, therefore, allowing for smooth rides. As the train floats on the track, the friction and the unevenness of the conventional track are eliminated (Shadbolt, 2013).. This facilitates individuals to carry out various activities such as reading and working in a comfortable manner compared to the conventional trains. Adopting this technology will provide more comfort in the public transportation sector. Numerous services for

In science, we built coaster cars and conducted trials. First, we used the car on a ramp for distance, veer, and speed trials and then added a propeller for trials. The original coaster car used thicker wheels in the front and thin white wheels in the back and used gravity from a ramp as the propulsion force. Later, we used tension in a rubber band to propel the car forward. During initial data, the car used larger wheels and a steel axle in the front and thinner wheels and an aluminum axle in the back. Despite satisfactory results with other iterations, the best engineering success of our car occurred when changing the axle from a heavy, steel axle to a light, aluminum axle.

Railways are one of the fastest ways to travel. From the first steam train in England, to the subways of New York City, people have been fascinated by the speeds of the “ Iron Horse”. One of the most influential forms of rail transportation was the steam train. This train changed the world with its ability to make rail transportation available to the public, travel at high speeds, and haul heavy loads.

This section of the book in chapter 14 outlines several aspects of rail transportation. One of the topics disused was the high cost of upkeep and operation of rail transportation. Furthermore, it also talks about rail’s ability transport vast amounts of cargo overland. This includes both cost and delivery time. This information may serve to be useful in describing the benefits and disadvantages of rail transportation.

The velocity of a sound wave is affected by two properties of matter: the elastic properties and density. The relationship is described by the following equation.

This document will focus on the propagation of waves through solid materials and more specifically will focus on the most common modes used in ultrasonic flaw inspection; longitudinal and shear waves [2].

Transportation is one of the most essential spheres of human’s life in such aspects as economic growth, communication, tourism, and utilization of space. Thence, it is very important for it to have minimal effect on the environment, be safe, cheap, comfortable, and fast in use. Conventional transport, such as trains and airplanes, causes a number of problems including air pollution, high amounts of energy consumption, huge need of maintenance, high prices, and risks of safety, thus not being efficient enough. Therefore, new generation of transport must correspond to definite requirements: be efficient, reliable, and environmentally sound. The technology of the new kind of transport - magnetically levitated trains – could be

The length and diameter of a PVC pipe were measured. These measurement are recorded in table 1. The system was programmed to start data collection the moment the noise level is 0.2 above the background noise. Then, the PVC pipe was held perpendicular to the microphone

A divergent problem has been proposed by the South African Provincial Administration (SAPA) to my firm. After an extensive screening of different transport options, SAPA has decided to build a railway, 80 km long between its two major cities with objectives of relieving the traffic on roadways linking the two cities and stimulating economic development. A choice between the two types of gauges is to be made. One is the existing Cape gauge 1,067 mm, the other, a Standard Gauge of 1,435 mm. In order to solve the problem, pros and cons of each type looking mainly at cost, safety, and performance which measures the comfortability and maintenance of the track will be addressed starting with Cape gauges and later, Standard gauges.

In many parts of the world, ocean noise, acquired by the military, oil and gas industries, architecture and aircraft has angled every decade for the accomplished 60 years.

The measured signals are very noised. The number of measurement samples available is very low. The friction model depends on position, velocity and acceleration and includes the Coulomb, Stribeck and viscous frictions. A hysteresis effect

Noise characterisation is a critical research area for varied domains and applications. The domains include marine, aviation, transport, civil engineering etc. The applications could include numerous military and non military applications like fatigue failures in material, human comfort, acoustics stealth, marine mammal habitat assessment, condition based monitoring of machineries etc. In many engineering situations, machines are mounted on flexible structures such as the ships deck, aircraft fuselage, car or train chasis, building floors etc. When in operation machines may transmit noise and vibrations to the receiving structures, causing unwanted noise and vibration problems close to remote from source location.

Water hammer or hydraulic transient is an unsteady flow phenomenon which is commonly found in closed conduits of hydropower station, water transmission networks, and liquid pipeline systems. Acute transients events in a hydraulic system often result from accidents and mishaps. Significant disturbances may occur in a hydro power station and causes a rapid change in the flow rate of the system during some operational conditions such as load rejection, load acceptances, and instant load rejection. This would, in turn, generates fluid transients in the hydraulic conveyance system, namely the penstocks, resulting in unacceptably low or high pressures in the penstocks depending on the triggering mechanism of the transients. Eventually, if not protected properly, the penstock may burst or collapse and human loss in some cases. The present paper reviews the available literature summarizing the effect of hydraulic transients on hydro power stations. Also an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of diameter, materials of the penstock on water hammer. The reviewed literature has shown that with the increase in diameter the effect of water hammer would reduce to as extent. It was also observed that with the change in material used in the fabrication of the penstock, the effect of water hammer change remarkably.

Abstract- A numerical investigation has been carried out for incompressible turbulent flow through 900bend pipes. The model is based on the numerical solution of conservation equations of mass and momentum. The results of the simulations of the flow in the form of contour and vector plots for two types of pipe bend both mitre and smooth bend with seven different Reynolds numbers (2.0+E04, 2.5+E04, 3.0+E04, 3.5+E04, 4.0+E04, 4.5+E04 and 5.0+ E04) are presented in this paper. From the obtained results, it is seen that the mitre bend produces more turbulent kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, skin friction factor compared to the smooth bend. To put an emphasis on the smooth bend for different R/D ratios, the static pressure distribution along the inner, outer wall and the pressure loss factor with different Re numbers are analyzed. However, it is noticed that as Re increases the pressure gradient changes rapidly at the inner and the outer wall of the bend. Again, the total pressure loss factor k increases as the R/D ratio decreases and due to higher velocity heads factor k decreases as Re increases. The numerical results are found to be in a good agreement with experimental