Applying Standardized Terminologies : Caring For The Breast Cancer Patient

If you've had a mammogram before, the radiologist will compare your old mammogram to the new one to look for changes. While they're looking for possible cancer, your doctors may also come across other structures in the breast that deserve further investigation. Calcifications which are tiny flecks of calcium which look like grains of salt located in the soft tissue of the breast that can sometimes indicate the presence of an early breast cancer. Calcifications usually can't be felt, but they appear on a mammogram. Cystsis another mass found in the breast but unlike cancerous tumors which are solid, cysts are fluid-filled masses in the breast. Cysts are very common, and are rarely associated with cancer. Also fibroadenomas can be found these are movable, solid, rounded lumps made up of normal breast cells. While not cancerous, these lumps may grow. And any solid lump that's getting bigger is usually removed to make sure that it's not a cancer. Fibroads are commonly found in young people. {text:bookmark-start} (Breast Cancer, 2007) {text:bookmark-end} There is some much emphasis on breast cancer in woman. Men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. It is not as common in men as women but it is possible. Male breast cancer is a rare condition, accounting for only about 1% of all breast cancers. The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 1690 new cases of male breast cancer will be diagnosed

Situation: The client is a 50-year-old female teacher who was notified of an abnormal screening mammogram. Diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma was made following a stereotactic needle biopsy of a 1.5 x 1.5 cm lobulated mass at the 3:00 position in her left breast. The client had a modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection. The sentinel lymph node and 11 of 16 lymph nodes were positive for tumor. Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were both positive. Further staging work-up was negative for distant metastasis. Her final staging was stage IIB. Her prescribed chemotherapy regimen is 6 cycles of CAF after a single-lumen central line was placed.

Over a period of three months, all patients who underwent breast surgery in the general surgery department during this time will be invited in the study. The population will comprise two groups of participants: a sample of participants who will be provided nursing interventions (an intervention group, 30 women) and a sample of those who will be provided standard nursing care (a control group, 30 women). As far as possible, the two groups will be of similar situation and parity. Recruited registered nurses in the surgery department will be instructed, and will be responsible for recruiting participants when patients finish operation at least for 10 days. Patients will be interviewed to make sure that they are eligible for the study, and will be asked about their demographic information. The process of this study will be explained to them. They also will be advised that they may or may not be provided interventions depending on which group they are assigned to. Information from hospital records and the initial interviews will be used for selecting participants for this study. All of the patients’ demographic information will be protected.

Currently mammography and ultrasound are basic imaging techniques for detection and localization of breast tumor. Breast Ultrasound is a typically painless medical test that uses reflected sound waves for further evaluation of a breast abnormality or a specific area seen on mammography. Ultrasound can locate and measure abnormalities or changes to determine if a breast lump is solid or filled with fluid. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast which may find tumors that are too small to feel. Women aged 40 to 74 years should have annual screening mammograms to lower chance of dying from breast cancer(2,15).Mammograms are less likely to find breast tumors in women younger than 50 years. This may

Breast cancer affects one in every nine women in Britain, 45,000 women every year are diagnosed with it in some form or stage of development. Life style and cognitive interventions, i.e. counselling and psychotherapy can play an important part in how the patient deals with cancer in their lives and how they recover.

The study was composed of two groups. The control group received the usual breast cancer care. The experimental group received the usual care and some additional components including four teaching sessions completed within the first month and regular follow-up calls. Intervention

These benefits included finding a doctor in the area. Few weeks after discussing and researching with her family, she finally decided to see the doctor. Mrs. Sofia then had to make an appointment with the doctor in order to do her physical and health history. During her physical exam, the doctor asked her if she does an annual self-breast exam once a month. Mrs. Sofia told the doctor that she never checks her breast and she do not know how to do a self-breast exam. Upon physical assessment the doctor found a large lump in Mrs. Sofia’s breast. The doctor orders a diagnostic mammogram that shows that the area of abnormal tissue (lesion) is more skeptical and a biopsy should be done in order to determine if it is

Cancer is Chronic disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (NCI, 2013). Breast cancer in particular affects both women and men, though our focus is on Ella Miller who is the heart of the Miller family. Ella has been battling cancer for years now and even though she went into remission, the cancer has returned. This Situation is affecting her view on life and well as her family view on life with and without her. The purpose of this paper is to inform and introduce factual background of breast cancer, medical treatment options, suggestions of coping with this illness for the family and Ella as well as an outlook regarding the micro, macro and mezzo influences of the patient and family. This paper will educate Ella and her family on lifespan development and outcomes pertaining to breast cancer.

Carr, B. (2013). Psychological aspects of cancer: A guide to emotional and psychological consequences of cancer, their causes and their management. New York: Springer.

According to our book, meaningful use is "Use of health information technology (HIT) legislated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to collect specific date with the intent to improve care, engage patients, improve population health, and ensure privacy and security. If hospitals and providers are not compliant with Meaningful Use EHRs by 2015, there will be monetary penalties. Those that do comply will be rewarded in higher Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. One of the primary criteria identified for Meaningful Use is the use of standardized terminologies” (Hebda & Czar, 2013).

For the majority of time, the biomedical model has been the main focus on many health factors and diseases, including cancer. Recently, psychologists have been able to prove the psychological and social components of disease. This has forced Doctors, who once relied solely on the biological factors of disease to take a more holistic approach. To help demonstrate the biopsychosocial model of cancer, I will be focusing on breast cancer and it’s risk factors. I will be discussing the effects of race/ethnicity, stress, and genetic factors on the occurrence and recovery of people who suffer from breast cancer.

As a result of the introduction of computer technology and the combination of evidence-based practice in nursing; standardization of terminologies has become imperative in the classification of nursing diagnosis, interventions and expected outcomes. The most popular and successful systems are the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) (de Lima Lopes, de Barros, & Marlene Michel, 2009). This paper aims to provide a brief outline of these standardized terminologies (STs) as they relate to a

In standards terminology paper one patient’s assessment will be presented along with Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing intervention Classification and the Nursing Outcome Classification.

The results came in confirming a malignant tumor in my mother’s breast, and I knew her hopes had been crushed, but she remained strong. After the surgery, another biopsy established that the cancer was found on the outside of her tumor and also in her lymph nodes, so it was very possible that it could spread. She would need to get a mastectomy.

While the completion of treatment is excitedly anticipated, many cancer survivors would still be disturbed by the emotional and physical tribulation of their breast cancer trajectory (Surbone & Peccatori, 2006). This is because, the impact of cancer remains long even after treatment ended. Besides the common issues that accompany any cancer diagnosis, breast cancer survivors also have to deal with exclusive concerns such as decreased sexual function, relationship issues, fears about genetic inheritability of cancer and complications from this disease such as lymphedema (Hodgkinson, Butow, Fuchs, et al., 2007). Therefore, the completion of treatment does not equate to lesser need for health care. Long term health issues related to breast cancer survivors have thus emerged as a public health concern.