Applying The Ends-Ways-Risk Framework

S Foreign policy within HOA. Djibouti supports African Union and U.S. Foreign Policy efforts to eradicate the spread of Islamic extremists groups such as Al-Qaida affiliated al-Shabaab – this commitment includes providing military forces to the African Union Mission in Somalia, supporting the Transitional Federal Government in Mogadishu, Somalia. Additionally, the Djiboutian government supports USAID efforts throughout Africa by providing warehousing for the only stockpile of humanitarian aid on the African continent. (Diplomatic, Information IOP)

Having the opportunity to live in America, we are not commonly exposed to the overwhelming effects of anarchy; however our United States government is known for their involvement in aiding countries experiencing disorder. For more than two decades, the country Somalia dwelled in the ruins of its own nation after the collapse of its civilization. It was considered the world’s most failed state. Recently, as reported in the article, “US recognizes Somalia government after two decades of anarchy” by Mike Pflanz, the United States government began assisting Somalia to rise from the ashes of turmoil and back on their feet. The Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud stresses that “Somalia is emerging from a very long, difficult period and now moving away from the chaos, instability, extremism, piracy, to an era of peaceful and development.” The article also notes the conflicts against Islamic extremists and pirates, who took advantage of the unrest in the country. This relates with the theme

An innocent child is standing in a candy store and looking at all his favorite options from which to choose. He slowly reaches for the bag of M&Ms, and he does not know what all the chemicals in that bag will cause him. The M&Ms have ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) causing carcinogens in them called food dyes. These food additives help the food products stay vibrant and eye catching but America’s youth does not know what the consequences are when you eat these products. Children think they are nice and colorful but they do not know what lies behind the wonderful rainbow of colored M&Ms in that bag. That is why The United States needs to ban food color additives to make our nation healthier. The main points on food dyes are the problems they cause, the counter argument against them and the steps the country can take to solve these problems.

The use of Irregular Warfare has been ongoing for years around the world. Irregular warfare is described as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. I will discuss where the U.S. may apply military force in conjunction with other means of national power to stabilize the nation of Somalia. I will also discuss why it would be considered as an Irregular Warfare environment.

Al-Shabaab is a terrorist group in Somalia that aims to create a “fundamentalist Islamic state”. They have caused the deaths of thousands of aid workers, journalists, social leaders, and peacekeepers of the African Union. Just last year, an attack was reported to kill 150 citizens after a raid on the Garissa University College in

The military should focus on prioritizing the Joint Force requirements our Nation needs the most to survive the current fiscal constraints.9 The military still needs to be able to address security threats and current demands.10 By prioritizing what is more important or needs to be done sooner helps decide what to focus on and use resources for. This leads to being able to plan budgets and be prepared. A Strategic Framework has three priorities of Taking Care of People, Balancing Readiness and Modernization, and Making Every Dollar Count.11 This sets a vision and goals to work towards. Through prioritization, focus is placed on what is important to be able to succeed in the mission.

From the time when the United States invaded Iraq eleven years ago, a noxious insurgence aeriated at numerous customs of conflict which has attested irrepressible, malleable, and tenacious strive to convey on hostility. A nation of Saddam and al-Zarqawi, Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) reins a third of conjointly Syria and Iraq in its charisma avowed bravura of war. Around the beginning of 2010, U.S. and Iraqi forces destroyed two topmost al-Qaeda and Iraq frontrunners; which then sanctioned Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi to become the spearhead of an assemblage destabilized by a strenuous operation directed at culminating a Sunni uprising in the country (CNN, 2015). By virtually all provision, Iraq is entangled in civil war. In addition, ISIS has engrossed nearly twelve thousand supporters from overseas already and at least three thousand devotees are from the West (Feroli & Dulin, 2013).

Between the time initial MRAP tests were conducted and the initial approval in 2006, the military was transitioning away from the original Requirements Generation System (RGS) to the current JCIDS. Requirements from the field through each service branch drove the RGS process resulting in standalone solutions to specific threats often not considering non-material alternatives. “JCIDS provides systematic, integrated and interoperable material and non-material solutions to capability needs.” JCIDS determines requirements from the top and develops joint solutions with long term sustainment plans. The JROC is the final approving authority within JCIDS before passing the requirement to the acquisition process. During this transition the JROC membership remained unchanged but they did change from last to first approving authority in the major defense acquisition program process. This

In an attempt to gain local perspective of the most recent terror attacks in Western Africa, reporter Carley Petesch of the Associated Press has been stationed in the region as their lead West-African correspondent. In the article she discusses how the beach massacre in Ivory Coast and the attack on a Mali hotel have forced the United Nations and European Union to dispatch troops to the area, with the hopes of improving local security measures. She speaks with locals and an area security consultant to discuss how the terrorist group known as Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) continue to terrorize the region, and local governments are in need of international assistance to prevent future attacks.

Hi Frederick, great job on setting all nonfunctional requirements with a unit of measurement. Nonfunctional requirements need to translate as clear as possible the user stories in measurable terms so that the developers are able to understand the supposed project to be delivered, creating this objectivity save time and effort and possible nonfunctional requirements misrepresentation.

The country’s worst violence outbreak in 10 years occurred in May 2006 as Islamist militia began to battle Somali warlords. The Islamist militia gained control of Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu, and went on to establish control in a majority of the south. The government attempted peace negotiations with the Islamic Courts Council, but was

2. Somalia has a fractured political past. There has been little stability in the country since it gained independence from Great Britain in 1960.1 However, in 2011, an internationally backed organization took over Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu. Now called the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), they ratified a constitution and held the nation’s first ever presidential election in 2012.1 This new government has made strides in stabilizing Mogadishu, but much of the nation is still divided. Two major regions, Somaliland and Puntland, have their own independent governments and consider themselves self-autonomous.1 Also, the FGS isn’t flawless. A second

Over 45 percent of the population is estimated to be impoverished and at least one-third of Yemenis are starving (Mitchell, 2012). Less than 3 percent of Yemen's land is arable, and water resources are scarce (Mitchell, 2012). “Various estimates predict that the capital Sana’a could run out of water within a decade or as soon as 2017” (Whitehead, 2015). Today, it is estimated that over 14 million Yemenis are dependent on humanitarian aid (Whitehead, 2015). As a result of these obvious health and safety concerns, Yemen relies heavily on international aid and thus the humanitarian crisis is a top grievance for the Yemeni people. The gaining support of Ansaruallah and AQAP due to the protection and aid they have provided to the Yemeni people, that the government has/cannot provide, is resulting in increased strength and recruitments by rebel

The Al-Shabaab is regarded as one of the most dangerous African terrorist organizations. Al-Shabaab is a multiethnic militant group out of Somalia that uses many terrorist tactics in attempts to gain control over the country of Somalia. They use many forms of terrorism that include ideological revolutionary, dissident, and nationalist terrorism, as they have the motive to gain power over a territory by overthrowing the government. The Al-Shabaab is suspected to have taken part in many terrorist attacks, including the 1998 United States embassies bombings. The motive behind their violence is their goal of creating an Islamic state in Somalia, which they believe is morally justified by the ideological beliefs. An important psychological

Al-Shabaab as a terrorist group poses a significant threat in Somalia and in the global community. This paper will start by discussing the background. In this part the paper will show how the group has evolved from Al-Ittihad Al-Islam (AIAI) to the Islamic Court Union (ICU) and lastly to Al-Shabaab. Before discussing the group’s threat of national security, homeland and international, this paper will provide the conceptual meaning of key terminology, such as national security, homeland security, international security and globalization. It is important to understand these concepts before moving toward the main argument of the paper. After providing the framework for key concepts, the paper will discuss the group’s threat to Somalia in two areas, national security and homeland security. The paper will go further and identify the threats posed by the group on other nations’ homeland security and international security. We will use East African countries and the United States examples. The paper will provide evidence to support how globalization has shaped and fueled the threats from Al-Shabaab. It will then discuss the primary response from the United States and from African countries through AMISOM. The paper will provide the way forward and suggestions for the response of the international community to Al-Shabaab. In conclusion, we will try to alert the international community that although the group has been experience hard times in Somalia, it is unwise to