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Applying The Ends-Ways-Risk Framework

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Critical requirements (CR) “are conditions, resources and means that are essential for a center of gravity to achieve its critical capability” (Strange & Iron, 2013, p. 7). Applying the Ends-Ways-Means-Risk framework again, critical requirements represent the “Means” (i.e. things needed) a COG needs to facilitate a critical capability. Critical requirements can be tangible or intangible. For example, ammunition and fuel or having X number of tanks would be considered tangible requirements while popular support or societal polarization would be considered intangible. Ultimately, the physical nature of the CR is irrelevant provided it facilitates a critical capability. It’s important to note that critical requirements are not, …show more content…

to leverage its critical capabilities are varied, however, to be successful, I.S. generally needs strong strategic thinking, financial independence, military capability and a robust recruitment campaign. Other critical requirements do exist, however they can be subsumed under one of these four categories. Building further on Table 1 (p. iv), we can sub-categorize the critical requirements as follows: 1. Strong strategic …show more content…

With a consistent, grassroots based message and “unable to match AMISOM’s military superiority” (Anzalone, 2013, p. 13), al-Shabaab has waged a guerilla style war against AMISOM, Kenya and other interfering governments. Pushed out of Mogadishu and having lost much of its territory in the south and west Somalia, al-Shabaab has made several attempts, some successful, at instituting governance in previously ungoverned areas of Somalia. A series of al-Shabaab media releases depict life under insurgent rule as stable with many civilians expressing their happiness with al-Shabaab rule as well as “concern over the return of foreign troops and their Somali lackeys” (Anzalone, 2013, p. 15). As Christopher Anzalone (2016) notes, “this domestic focus has contributed to a pragmatic battlefield strategy of classic guerilla warfare interspersed with high-profile, well-coordinated attacks on “soft targets,” such as hotels and restaurants, in the Somali capital of Mogadishu” (p. 13) and

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