Applying The Four Organizational Frames And How They Could Be Relevant During The Negotiation Process

As with the importance of selecting a highly qualified principal to help raise test scores and closing achievement gaps, the selection and support of staff is also critical. Gregory F. Branch, Eric A. Hanushek, and Steven G. Rivkin’s 2013 study “School Leaders Matter” examined the effectiveness of many principles’ leadership and the effect they had on student achievement ratings. “A primary channel through which principals can be expected to improve the quality of education is by raising the quality of teachers, either by improving the instruction provided by existing teachers or through teacher transitions that improve the caliber of the school’s workforce” (Branch, pg.4). A principal must be able to continually seek out professional development, to research best practices and new educational theories to support their staff and students. If principals are to close the achievement gap, they must be willing to inform and instruct their staff on new teaching strategies. Mr. Canada, from his TED talk, “Our failing schools. Enough is enough!”, states: “You go into a place that has failed kids for fifty years and say: ‘so what’s the plan?’ And they say: ‘Well, we are going to do what we did last year, this year’. What kind of business model is that?” (TED, 2013). The principal willing to venture into new, uncharted waters may succeed or fail, but at least they

The ever-changing landscape of education and school accountability has given rise to a renewed focus on shared leadership. In the past, the principal was viewed as the primary decision maker within a school. However, Glickman (1989) points out that it is impossible for school principals to effectively complete all the necessary instructional and managerial tasks within schools. He contends that some teachers have more leadership abilities than the actual administrators and that “in successful schools, principals aren’t threatened by the wisdom of others, instead, they cherish it by distributing leadership” (Glickman, 1989, p. 8).

Achieving a school district’s mission and vision requires the commitment of its stakeholders. In order to involve them in the process, it is necessary for educational leaders to “motivate staff, parents, students, board and community members” (Educational Leadership Constituencies Council, 2002, p. 4). The transformational leadership theory emphasizes the importance of educational leaders acting as role-models in order to motivate and inspire the school community. This approach has the potential to involve all stakeholders, leading to increased student success (Bush, 2007). The Assistant Director of Special Education in Northwest ISD directly supervised the school district’s assessment staff. Her education, experience, and passion set an example for her subordinates, stimulating them to achieve more, leading to her promotion to Executive Director of Student Services.

The negotiations class was an insightful experience. It helped me attain a better understanding of my strengths and weaknesses both personally and professionally. It helped put into perspective a lot of my theoretical analysis conducted on group dynamics and, most importantly, has helped me become a more effective negotiator. My goal with this paper is to communicate the evolution of my negotiation skills during the progression of the course.

Negotiation is a fundamental form of dispute resolution involving two or more parties (Michelle, M.2003). Negotiations can also take place in order to avoid any future disputes. It can be either an interpersonal or inter-group process. Negotiations can occur at international or corporate level and also at a personal level. Negotiations often involve give and take acknowledging that there is interdependence between the disputants to some extent to achieve the goal. This means that negotiations only arise when the goals cannot be achieved independently (Lewicki and Saunders et al., 1997). Interdependence means the both parties can influence the outcome for the other party and vice versa. The negotiations can be win-lose or win-win in nature.

The Kentucky Leadership Framework defines teacher leaders as those who “transform their classrooms, schools, and profession, activating teacher growth and achieving equity and excellence for students” (Kentucky Teacher Leadership Work Team, 2015, p. 4). Therefore, the definition of what it means to be a teacher leader can be found in a review of relevant literature; yet, their roles can be unclear within the schools (Angelle and Schmid, 2007). Jacobs, Gordon, and Solis (2016) point out that when “teacher-leaders’ roles and responsibilities are not clearly defined, misunderstanding, conflict, and resentment can result” (p. 399). In addition, a study of 672 participants revealed that teacher perceptions regarding teacher leadership can vary based on school grade configurations—elementary, middle, and high (Angelle and DeHart, 2011). According to Angelle and Schmidt (2007), “As we work to provide precision to the term teacher leadership, we look to widen the level of understanding of this critical component of school reform at all levels” (p.

Dr. David Bolton has had an interesting spring, to say the least. He has served in the capacity of the Assistant Superintendent of Elementary Education in Central Bucks for two years. At the end of Dr. Bolton’s second year, the retiring Superintendent planned to retire officially on May 30, 2016 but in a series of events involving new School Board members, he was asked to clean out his office on Monday, May 9, 2016. The Assistant Superintendent of Secondary Education also retired early in March of 2016, leaving Dr. Bolton currently with the title of Substitute Superintendent until a new Superintendent begins on June 6, 2016. Dr. Bolton has been completing tasks since March as Elementary and Secondary Assistant Superintendents and Substitute Superintendent all at once. My original interview was scheduled with the outgoing superintendent during the week of his departure. In light of this complication, Dr. Bolton was gracious enough to answer my questions in an email but I was unable to interview him in person or on the phone due to his busy schedule.

When dealing with larger school districts, there are several different positions in which play vital roles in the success of the school ‘s in the county. Deputy superintendent, chief financial officers, executive directors, and chief technology officer, are the crucial four. From there smaller roles are delegated to address issues based on needs and situations that may happen with schools, students teachers and

Bolaman and Deal’s, breakdown using the four frame give an in-depth look at maneuvering strategically as a new or seasoned leader to get things accomplished with little discomfort as possible. After reading, “Reframing the Path to School Leadership” and reflecting back on the dynamics of the school where I am employed it is clear what roles my colleagues play in leadership. Whether it is the Political Frame where most teachers reside due to their longevity in the building or the Human Resource Frame due to the comfort level that seem to envelops the level of commitment that is imposed; or the Symbolic Frame which composes the historians of school.

A vital individual when it comes to initiating change is the person willing to take action in order to construct something different. A person willing to own the outcome and lead the change is the critical element in producing change. Without the leader of change stepping up and accepting responsibility, all others have is an awareness of the problems that exist, therefore, change doesn’t transpire. There are countless people who are constantly eager to share all of the items which they believe need to change, with anyone who will listen. There are far fewer who are willing to step up and lead that change. Teacher leaders have the vision to generate change in their schools, and are a vital asset to change. Catalytic leaders are needed throughout schools in order to make change happen. Leaders with an expertise in the area of change are authentic, initiative, and influential.

Future school leaders are expected to understand, address, and solve problems they will encounter (Copland 2000). School leaders must also be able to anticipate a problem before it happens. Problems that school leaders are faced with can be identified as routine, structured, or ill-structures problems. Routine and structured problems are the familiar issues that leaders face, ill -structured problems are more complex. Ill-structured problems are more complex and lack clarity and present numerous obstacles. The ill-structured are the situations that are unforeseen and cannot be anticipated. The Interstate School Leader Licensure Consortium or ISLLC has developed six standards that provide a foundation for thinking about ill-structured problems.

According to the authors of this article (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, & Ackerman, 2009), principals need to concentrate on the development of skills and behaviors in order to be successful in motivating, leading, and changing the direction of a school. The successful principal understands that there exists a fine balance of caring for others and the need to accomplish specific tasks (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, & Ackerman, 2009).

Whether it is at work, church or in our private relationships, negotiations are a necessary tool for reaching an agreement. They are made by discussing each parties point of view with the aim being to reach an agreement that is mutually beneficial. For the most part, negotiation is the process by which those people involved successfully adopt or abandon their respective position through the use of positional bargaining. There are different types of approaches for the negotiation process - some hard and others soft in their manner of approach. The desired outcome of

But the arrow on the left is made up of talented individuals who are headed in many different directions. I have, unfortunately, worked in school districts in similar situations, where leaders in central office were heading in different directions, or school board members were headed in different directions. As a result, the organization, or in our case our schools began to suffer. In contrast, the arrow on the right depicts a well-aligned team with shared vision, their abilities and strengths compliment each other’s efforts, there is commonality of directions and synergy develops. In my previous school, while I felt like the district leadership operated much like the left arrow, I was proud that at the building level, our instructional leadership team made up of administrators and instructional coaches operated more like the right arrow. As a result, we were seeing learning gains for our students. Three years in a row, our 8th grade math team had the highest MAP scores in the district. Building-wide, our ELA scores were continually increasing each

Marzano, McNulty and Waters propose five steps for a plan of effective school leadership. The first step is developing a leadership team with purpose. The definition used for a purposeful community is one with the collective efficacy and capability to develop and use assets to accomplish goals that mater to all community members through agreed-upon process (Marzano, et. al, 2005). The second step is distributing some responsibilities throughout the leadership team. The third step is to select the right work. The fourth step is to identify the order of magnitude implied by the selected work. The last step is to match the management style to the order of magnitude of the change initiative. The last step incorporates whether this is first or second order change.