Applying Theories of Female Criminality

Although a greater amount of attention on sexual crimes focuses on men as the offender, recently there has been an increased consciousness of females as sex offenders. Both type of offenders share some similarities and some differences.

There have been many changes in the treatment of offenders by the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales, particularly the treatment of female offenders. The handling of women within the criminal justice system has been closely tied to their social characteristics, and to what might be described as their ‘social construction’. On the other hand, women who compromise more than half of the world’s population, account for only 15% of criminal activity and as a consequence, relatively little attention has been given to them. This essay will explore how this has changed from a historical point of view to modern times, with exploration from cross-culture comparisons and an overview of the treatments of females in prisons.

Programs in prisons that are tailored to women’s unparalleled needs would benefit society in the grand scheme of things. On an individual level it could break the cycle of abuse, victimization, and self-loathing. It is essential that the double damage done to female offenders be repaired because they deserve an unbiased chance at a good life. After all, they could represent your mother, aunt, sister, niece, wife and girlfriend. In her book, A woman doing life: Notes from a prison for women, Erin George did a fine job in depicting the life of women during the time they were incarcerated. She also included a light reflection of what life was like before prison and what life could be like after prison. This book included vivid passages of how

According to Burnette and Newman (2005), female offenders that have severed antisocial behavior in childhood are more likely to exhibit these symptoms into adulthood. Some female offenders are still less cumulative than male offenders (Salisbury & Voorhis, 2009). In addition, recidivism in female offenders will be discussed three pathways. Moreover, the recidivism measure what usually not seen are males, greater incidence with females rather than males, and seen equally with separate personal and social results. Also, some female offenders ma have went through a great amount of abuse and trauma in their lives. Cauffman (2008) state some female offenders have mental illness issues, and treatment

It would be foolish to assert that gender plays no role in the criminal justice system, just as it would be equally foolish to say that race plays no role in this system either. Covington and Bloom cite the work of Kivel (1992) in reminding all that "Where sexism is prevalent, one of the gender dynamics frequently found is that something declared genderless or gender neutral is, in fact, male oriented. The same phenomenon occurs in terms of race in a racist society, where the term "race neutral" generally means white" (2003). The criminal justice system reflects the needs of men and the values of men in a highly patriarchal society; the issue becomes more complicated when some scholars argue that women should fight for equal rights in all areas of life, including the criminal justice system, arguing that while equal treatment might hurt women in the short run, in the long run, it's the best policy for women (Covington & Bloom, 2003). On the other hand, opposing groups argue that women are inherently different from men and that insisting on equality will always create a situation where women lose out (Covington & Bloom, 2003). This debate creates an uncertain situation about how women should be treated in the criminal justice system and whether gender should play a role accounting for differential treatment.

The female offenders is common in the United States during this generation. People predict that only men commit crimes, but the truth is that everything has been changing over the years. Among male offenders,47% were alone, and 51% were with other males when the offense occurred. About 8% of violent female offenders committed their offense together with at least one men, by effect, about 1%of male violent offender committed the offense in the company of a female offenders. The female offenders has grown among the years pass by, and in fact everything of the history has changed, now it's just iconic.

For this project my team and I choose to research the correlation between gender and crime. In particular we were interested in defining the specific present correlations within and among individuals, communities, and the current justice institutions which constitute crime. Not just the surrounding factors but specifically identifying stereotypical, stigmatized views and systems in which gender has become a component of crime. I specifically decided to research how societal roles criminalize Individuals. Key factors include how individuals are perceived, due to their own actual depiction. Another example is how a youth is developing their identity act

Within society being in an abusive relationship has many different outcomes for many women. Some women fight for justice to protect themselves and their families and have to suffer consequences within the criminal justice system. This leads to a topic that is repeated through different generations. Domestic Violence is a reoccurring problem that happens in different generations amongst women. Women who kill their abusive husbands is less likely to walk away from the criminal justice system without being charged for some type of battered crime. Battered women syndrome is an issue that occurs frequently within most women but this issue is least discussed in the media. This paper will illustrate the history of battered women syndrome, different

females maintained police records and were hard drug users compared to female offender who were reported in two or less of the sources. This study shows that the female criminality can be assumed early on in life based on actions and positive or negative interests

Sharpe, Gilly. Youth Justice , (Dec2009), Vol. 9 Issue 3, p154-269, 16p. Publisher: Sage Publications, Ltd..

　　　　Fines are preferable to imprisonment and other types of punishment because they are more efficient. With a fine, the punishment to offenders is also revenue to the State. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics, females are account for 14 percent of the violent crimes. The growing rate of females incarceration calls for a critical evaluation of social impact of our nation’s increasing reliance on correctional facilities to deal with women involvement in crime. The challenges that females face in court system it different from males. When a female is under correctional supervision, she can face several challenges within her sentence. When females reenter the community they can face a lot of barriers. Female offenders go through obstacles during conviction,sentencing, incarceration, and rehabilitation.

“Love resurrected them; the heart of one contained infinite sources of life for the heart of the other” (Dostoyevsky 521). Crime And Punishment is a novel about one man, Raskolnikov; this novel follows his life after committing a terrible crime, murder. This novel shows the mental and physical affects that play on his body after committing such a crime. In the novel Crime And Punishment, Dostoyevsky uses Alyona, Sonia and to drive the plot of the novel.

Throughout criminology studies, female criminality has been back staged by male criminality. This was due to a generalised view that crime was run by males, as females were presumed disinclined to commit crimes (Bronfman, 2007). With large amounts of documentations on male criminality and delinquency covering many aspects of criminality, information on women and crime have been lacking (Gibson, 1982). Most research and documentation on female criminality was linked to prostitution evading many other aspects of women criminality such as hysterics, infanticide and shoplifters, which were generally the stars of the tabloid press but not of criminological studies (Bronfman, 2007; Rodríguez, 2006). Throughout this essay I will present various facets of female criminality and delinquency, including prostitution, and the many issues faced by women in the criminal system, as well as the forensic techniques that were developed to identify these female criminals such as fingerprinting and photography.

There has been a significant increase in the apportionment of women holding jobs after World War II. Reasons for this change include the feminist movement, inflation causing the need for two incomes, and marriage issues. (Conklin, p 145). The feminist movement has fought to help women move away from their traditional roles and obtain economic, educational, and social advancement. (Siegel, Welsh, p 148, 2011). The following will be explaining some history of the feminist movement along with feminist theories and how they differ from other social theories of crime.

Female offenders are often found to be subjected to double jeopardy as it is often suggested that in the crimes they commit, they have broken the law and have too gone against their femininity (Lloyd, 1995). Heidensohn (1985) argues women are treated worse than men even if the crime committed is the same or of similarity, as women are perceived to be improper roles of feminineness. A widely acknowledged example would be Myra Hindley, who with her partner Ian Brady physically tortured and abused children. The disparity of treatment between men and women is argued to be due to the fact that sexual behaviours by females are perceived as morally outrageous as they have betrayed the maternal instinct they should possess, and so are dealt with more