Approach to care

Cancer is defined by the National Cancer Institute as the title given to a group of related diseases. All types of cancer are categorized by uncontrollable growth of cells that metastasize to surrounding tissues. Cancer can develop at almost any part of the human body and anyone can develop cancer, although risk typically increases with age because most cancers tend to require many years to develop. ?Typically, human cells tend to grow and divide and ultimately form new cells as the body needs them. When an organisms cells grow old or get damaged, the cells die, and new ones replace them. However when cancer develops, this orderly process gets reformatted. As cells increasingly get more irregular, old or damaged cells begin to survive when they should die, and new cells develop in the body when there is no need for them. These abnormal cells have the ability to divide without stopping and tend to result in growths called tumors?(cancer.gov). Cancerous tumors are defined as malignant meaning that they can spread to nearby tissues or metastasize to distant places in places within the body and form new cancerous tumors. There are over 100 forms of cancer and they are usually named after the organs or tissues where the cancers originate. Staging of cancer is used when describing the severity of a person?s cancer and is based upon the following

Great leaders in history have even experienced fear that has affected their decisions! Sometimes, even in a great, life changing way. One of those leaders was Robert the Bruce. Fear is an emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous. Fear can affect a person's decisions.

metastasis is categorized in a staging system that ranges from 0 to 4 on diagnosis. This helps to

There are twelve major types of cancer that affect most Americans and they can be related by the mutation of genes. Cancer is not just one disease, but a massive group with over 100 diseases by unrestrained and vicarious growth of the cells in the body and have the ability of the cells to propagate. One out of every four Americans will die from cancer. It is the second leading cause of death in this country, surpassed only by heart disease. Five to ten percent of cancer are genetic and hereditary. 1.2 million new cases are found in every year the United States, “Men have a one in two lifetime risk of developing cancer, and for women the risk is one in three” (Freivogel 201).

(“Found.”) Their’s four phases to knowing what phase of breast cancer you have. Phase one is the lowest phase you’ll have if diagnosed with breast cancer. Phase one is in the earliest detection of the breast cancer development. Phase two breast cancer is still at it’s earliest stage, but evidence shows that cancer is starting to spread. Cancer is still contained to the breast cancer area, and is needing treatment. Phase three breast cancer is advanced with evidence of the cancer that has invaded the surround tissues nearly at the breast. Phase four indicated that breast cancer has begun to spread through the entire breast then to other parts of the human body. (“Stages.”)

Just the mention of the word cancer brings a great deal of fear and concern to one’s heart. Caner is one of the leading causes of death in many areas around the world. Even with the prevalence of cancer, the amounts of money and research which have been dedicated to learning about cancer, in its various forms, cancer still is one of the least known diseases as it relates to the existence of a cure or widely accepted and proven choice of treatment. Through all the research and work put forth into understanding cancer, though still elusive, some basic concert about cancer has been generally accepted through research and cases studies. Generally, we understand today that cancer has factors outside of one's genetic makeup which impacts the disease

It is the consensus that cancer is a form of disease that portrays itself in various ways. Cancer is the abnormal multiplication of the cell. Interestingly, Hosick, Rizzo, Campanella and Alder (2017) have argued that cancer is inappropriate and uncontrollable cell growth within one of the specialized tissues of the body, threatening normal cell and organ function and in serious cases travelling via the bloodstream to other areas of the body. This irregular cell growth can start anywhere in the body for example; in the blood, lungs, breast or the pancreas.

Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Cancer cells are normal cells mutated. Like a normal cell, about to go into the cell division cycle they grow very large. It becomes different when it divides into two but both of them stay alive. According to World Health Organization (WHO), common risk factors for cancer include: tobacco use, Alcohol use, overweight and obesity, dietary factors, including insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, chronic infections from helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), some types of human papillomavirus (HPV), environmental and occupational risks including ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. In the world the most common cancer are lung, breast, colorectum, stomach and liver. In 2012 1.59 million people from lung cancer, 521,000 people from breast cancer, 694,000 people from colorectal cancer, 723,000 people from stomach cancer and 745,000 people from liver cancer. In the United States the most common cancers are bladder, breast, colon and rectal (combined), endometrial and kidney. In 2016 about 16,390 people died from bladder cancer, 40,450- 440 for breast, 49,190 for colon and rectal, 10,470 for endometrial and 14,240 for kidney.

Cancer is a non-exclusive term for an expansive gathering of maladies that can influence any part of the body. Different terms utilized are threatening tumors and neoplasms. One characterizing highlight of disease is the fast formation of irregular cells that develop past their typical limits, and which can then attack abutting parts of the body and spread to different organs, the last procedure is alluded to as metastasizing. Metastases are the significant reason for death from

The American Cancer Society defines cancer as a disease due to the widespread and uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body which if not treated may cause death.(Smith F.T. and Clark, R. 2011)

Cancerous cells tend to mutate, grow, and divide without any particular order, and can spread unpredictably through the body via the blood stream. Most cancers start off as a single cell that undergoes an irregular mutation that alters the cells normal levels of melanin, cell membrane structure, and division speed. The cancerous cell then undergoes unprecedented division, and eventually creates a malignant abscess of tissue that overwhelms the population of healthy cells. Eventually, individual clumps of cells can break away from the parent group of cells and spread across the entire body. Although cancerous cells usually do not directly harm other cells in the body, they can block other cells ability to circulate their waste and absorb nutrients, ultimately leading to cellular starvation and death. Ever since cancer first became evident in society around 1600 B.C., humanity has striven to combat this seemingly incorrigible disease, creating procedures ranging from bloodletting to urbane chemotherapies. Although we undoubtedly improved our ability to identify and treat cancer, scientists have never had the chance to track the specific patterns it has spread in until now.

Cancer has been an undeniably terrible disease and with no known way to prevent cancer it has taken the lives of many and has no intentions to cease. Cancer, defined by The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, is “Not a single disease but a group of about 100 diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, many of which form masses (tumors), and the ability of those cells to spread by way of the circulatory and lymphatic systems from the original site to distant parts of the body, invade other tissues, and form new tumors” (245). Cancer can affect any part of the body and hence which part it affects is used as an adjective for cancer, e.g., breast and lung cancer is cancer of the breast and lungs, respectively. For each area of the body where a tumor grows, can be more serious than another. This is because the tumor may pressure an organ or rest on a blood vessel that which will inhibit regular bodily functions.

Cancer is a topic that has been discussed thoroughly due to the burden that it has on the affected. It has also been researched early on. According to Dr. George Demetri, director at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, cancer violently spreads and attacks organs in the body, which leads to health complications (PBS 1). The world’s understanding of cancer has evolved, but there are still questions that no one has the answer to. Aktipis notes that cancer cells are able to spread to other organs and withstand treatment (Aktipis 2). In other words,the effectiveness of treatment can not be guaranteed due to the the fast pace of spreading. The study of oncology, another term for cancer, started in the eighteenth century and has grown

Being diagnosed with a cancer is a life changing moment for the patient, friends and the families. "there are 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths and 24.6 million people living with cancer" (Simonelli & Andersen, 2007). "Cancer is the second leading cause of death except heart disease which is number one in the whole world" (Simonelli & Andersen, 2007). Another name for cancer is malignancy. "Cancer refers to group of diseases that involve uncontrolled cell growth" (Corner & Bailey, 2009). There are more than 100 types of cancer, including breast, skin, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate. "If a tumor cells penetrated local tissues, lymphatics, or blood vessels, is a sign of malignancy with potential to metastasize"(Copstead, & Banasik, 2014 p.114). It takes some years for cancer to manifest without the person knowing, symptoms vary depending on the type. “Cancer treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery" (WEBMD, 2014, p. 1). "About a third of all cancer deaths in the U.S are as a result of poor nutrition, overweight, lack of exercise” (Mertz, Oberleitner, Odle, & Carson-DeWitt, 2013). Some other causes are excessive fat intake, family history, occupational and environmental factors. Some signs and symptoms of cancer are: "fatigue, lump or thickened area felt under the skin, Sores that refused to heal, weight changes, hoarseness, persistent cough or breathing, persistent unexplained muscle or joint pain, bleeding,

“Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells” (Fahey, 2015). There are many different kinds of cancers that affect various parts of the human body. Some of the most common types of cancer include lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Cancer, of all types, is one of the leading causes of death across the world today with Denmark and France being the countries with the highest rate for all cancers (World Cancer Research Fund International, 2012). “The lifetime risk of developing or dying from cancer refers to the chance a person has, over the course of his or her lifetime (from birth to death), of being diagnosed with or dying from cancer. These risk estimates, like annual incidence and mortality data, provide another measure of how widespread cancer is in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2016).” This risk for cancer is also becoming increasingly high as time goes on. According to the American Cancer Society, one in three people have a lifetime risk of being diagnosed with and/or dying from cancer (2016). The statistics of this risk varies between men and women as one gender may be more susceptible to a particular cancer than the other. Cancer can be treated in various ways and some forms are treatable whereas some are neither curable nor treatable. Here I will attempt to discuss how and/or why cancer forms, its detection, its treatment, as well as a few warning signs of some of the various forms of cancer.