Appropriate Instructional Practices

The national curriculum states that ‘PE develops pupils’ competence and confidence to take part in a range of physical activities that become a central part of their lives, both in and out of school.’ (QCDA, 2008)

In 2014, Society of Health and Physical Education (SHAPE) America released the National Standards & Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical Education. One of the key changes to this third iteration of the national standards was the incorporation of the term physical literacy based on the founding work of Margret Whitehead (2001, 2007, and 2010). Based on Whitehead’s model, SHAPE America identified the following elements for developing PL in PE programs in the US (adapted from Roetert & MacDonald, 2015):

The key aims of PE on the national curriculum focusses on a healthy lifestyle developing competence across several physical activity areas and for children to be active for sustained periods of time and encouraging children to engage in competitive activities and sports (Smith 2014. P213).

Pupils who don’t understand the benefits of PE and therefore don’t value it are likely to not participate in lessons and drop out of sport and become inactivate once they have left school, if not before (Graham, 1995a; Harris, 1994).

Unicef illustrates, "Sport is a good-entry point for the promotion of life skills-based education and healthy lifestyles, including the values of physical fitness, proper nutrition and how to make choices that positively impact health." In other words, Unicef believes that sports assist an individual in all aspects of life, whether it is physical, mental, or life skills oriented. Simply put, participating in a sport has multiple benefits that can be applied to everyday life. For this exact reason, sports should be implemented mandatory in public schools. Although some parents believe that sports have more consequences than benefits, the physical activity included in athletics is proven to increase child health. Accordingly, there are articles such as, "Younger Kids. Longer Seasons. More Injuries," conclude that children should lay off physical activity due to the ever-looming threat of injuries and children are safer and better off staying away from sports. On the flip side, articles such as, "Why Sport and Play," list the boons of the physical activity involved in sports. I assert that sports should be mandatory in public schools because it offers benefits that children should not go without. I wholeheartedly endorse the making a student participate in at least one sport can benefit a student 's mental and physical health, grades, and school attendance.

In today’s world most people are saying to keep PE in schools because it can help kids learn better in classrooms because the physical activity helps strengthen and stimulate kids brains. The recent research studies showed that increasing fitness= improved academic and life style ().Recess offers an excellent opportunity for children to engage in free play or semi-structured physical activity during the school day, and allows them to apply skills learned in PE. Participation in recess is associated with academic benefits, such as improving attentiveness, concentration, behavior, and time on-task in the classroom (i.e. Pellegrini & Bjorklund, 2010) and also provides a unique contribution to a child’s creative, social, and emotional development

Gym class was my favorite part of the day in elementary school; I could run around and climb a rope all the way till I touched the ceiling. I have never had a bad memory in gym, though so many think it’s pointless and haven’t had the same experiences. Health is not just the schools responsibility but the communities as well; many people say they don’t want to climb a rope and see if they can touch the ceiling. They feel embarrassed that they won’t be able to climb it at all; physical education helps with stress, it shouldn’t create it. PE should be seen to help student’s run around and let out energy; so many schools have PE class for every other day and for a short period of time. Many students see PE as useless; a lot of people in my PE classes skipped, or pretended to be sick. Students need to learn how important PE is; this can be done if the community gets involved with physical education as well; to learn that PE helps kids push themselves to reach to the top. Physical education is important for every student; it helps physically, mentally, and encourages team work not just with the children but the whole community itself.

The art of instructional design takes a unique gift. An instructional design artist must be able to artfully create a systematic structure for insuring the learning process. Through this paper, we will be exploring two educator artists’ approaches: Dick and Carey’s and Gagne’s.

Cognitive apprenticeship allows one to problem solve and complete complex tasks successfully. The concept that I think has more value with, cognitive apprenticeship is scaffolding. Scaffolding is best for students because it offers student support so they can master their education. Allowing students to stay on task with their work. “In education, scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process” (Education Reform, 2015, para.1). This article also explains, “the term itself offers the relevant descriptive metaphor: teachers provide successive levels of temporary support that help students reach higher levels of comprehension and skill acquisition that they would not be able to achieve without assistance” (2015, para.1). When teachers support the student he or she feel encouraged. When the student feels more encouraged they are motivated to learning which allows them to achieve at a high rate academically.

The nursing profession is always evolving; therefore, nursing education should also evolve. The nursing profession has changed from a focus on bedside care to a focus on technology, and now a focus on excelling at care integrated with technology. This paper will identify current teaching strategies, and discuss the potential effects of the integration of new teaching strategies in my own classroom.

PE teaches children how to participate in many sports and activities and introduces new fun ways to be active. A student might not know he or she likes a sport until being taught at school. For example, I was not fan of ultimate Frisbee growing up. I was made to play it in PE class and I ended up loving it. Now I own a few Frisbees—which are extremely cheap—and I play Frisbee every chance I get. This is just one example of an easy to learn, fun, low cost sport that PE taught me. A school can also add a lifetime sport requirement to their curriculum. This will give the students an opportunity to learn a sport that they can play its entire life and will increase their chances of living an active lifestyle. According to Figure 1, students who take P.E. in schools are far more likely to be active outside of school. Life time sports not only act as a way to stay fit but also as a social outlet (Emerson). Many of them require a partner or an opponent. Lifetime sports are great activities to strengthen relationships with people. If a student knows a lifetime sport, it increases their chances of living an active lifestyle.

A person might remember in elementary school a certified physical educator instructing the class, for example, on learning to run, balance, stretch, and climbing rope. Then, in spring, a big relay event would happen, and all the students were able to race, or show off the skills they learned through the year. At these events, every student won a prize, whether, first, second, third, or recognition of achievement for each race. Today, many people still have all of their ribbons to remember the achievements during physical education class in grades kindergarten through sixth. Today, children should have an opportunity to learn fitness in grade school, additionally, when physical education is paired with a healthy diet children will be able to develop into adulthood making essential life choices about fitness and wellness intuitively. Physical education is extremely important for our children in grades kindergarten through sixth in public schools in California, specifically, the effects it has on psychological development, the effects it has on physical development, and the benefits into adulthood.

Students are frequently exposed to concepts and principles of practice which are not a direct representation of real clinical situations that they will encounter as graduates. Effective learning interventions can provide adequate practice to enhance skills of application (Salas et al, 1999). Dennis (2010) highlighted that the strategy for dental students to gain more experience in managing medical problem skills is to expose students to those patients in hospitals for 2-3 months as community-based experiential learning. They can learn how to deal with various cases of medical problems from senior clinicians and understand pathogenesis of diseases in real patients including hospital systems. It is possible to develop their abilities to take accurate medical history with evaluating medical conditions efficiently and confidently including judgment relative to medical risk assessment.

“See you at practice!” most people will say this phrase to their friends throughout childhood. Thirty-six million children in the United States play a sport. That is over half the children in the United States. However, even with that statistic, some children still stay inside all day watching television or playing video games. Many parents do not enroll their children in a sport because they believe it will result in injury, or the child may feel left out. Some even believe that their child will be looked down upon if they are not as good as everyone else. They believe that if the child has more time on schoolwork it will raise their grades. But most children love to play outside and learn new sports. It has always remained a part of a child’s nature to run around and have fun. Only some parents realize that children who play a sport can have more discipline than those who don’t. Sports can also give children experience working with others as a team as well as confidence in themselves. Children and teens who play sports have an increased likelihood to possess higher confidence, act more disciplined, and work better with others.

Starting in pre-school, children begin their journey of education. From learning how to share and color within the lines to not drinking at parties and mastering calculus, our education shapes us into who we are and provides us with what we need to know. Education extends far beyond just a school building, and the process of learning and building education is everywhere. We learn in the classroom but also on sports fields, stages, and in the real world. I have learned countless lessons about behavior and character through extracurricular activities, especially sports. Some people believe that education only occurs in a classroom environment, but I think that learning opportunities surround us far and wide.