Approval Of The Institutional Review Board

| The study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified in federal regulations

Power point slide Qualitative research is a difficult term to define…. Nevertheless, it is important to be familiar with some definitions in the field. The definition provided by Creswell 2009 is enlightening because it incorporates ……….. most important part of definition for me were reports detailed views of informants and natural setting.

school counselors assigned to that specific school. The meeting will address the purpose of the study and the floor will be open to any questions the employees of the school may have regarding the study. This process will continue until the research team has been given permission by 24 high schools (8 in each socioeconomic area) to ask their students to participate in the study.

Institutional Review Boards are tasked with carrying out two main forms of review: initial review and continuing review; they are indispensable to the review process for protecting human participants. Initial review of an experiment occurs before it is approved. Coleman remarks, “This review encompasses the research protocol, the informed consent documents to be signed by subjects, any advertisements to be used in recruiting subjects, and other relevant documents” (Coleman et al. 169). The informed consent document is vital for the review; it is the required document which supplies all research participants with necessary information to give informed consent. Institutional Review Boards also utilize continuous review, which is done over the

Phenomenological interview limitations may appear due to the researcher’s lack of experience in conducting interviews (Downey, 2015); which may interfere with the researcher’s focus and intentionality (Ashworth, 2017). Limitations may occur with the relationship between the researcher and the interviewee, including power struggles which might affect trust and honest participant reflections (Boucher, 2017). Further, time limitations could impede upon a participants deliberation process during the interview process (Downey, 2015). If a researcher is to understand the essence of a phenomenon; a suspension of judgment is required during participant interviews (Ashworth, 2017). Additionally, the researcher will need to be extremely attentive to experience the study through the participants’ eyes (Kelley, 2016). Individuals may choose not to answer every question, which is acceptable; yet, missing data can also become a limitation to the study. However, if enough participants do not answer the same question, the question might need to be reframed or removed; additionally, secondary data, such as technical reports, white papers or additional publications might be necessary to validate the research question (Johnston, 2014).

Thus, this method gives a researcher an in-depth understanding of the participants’ experiences using qualitative inquiry to determine the why, when, where, what, and how of the study.

In 1932, researchers from Tuskegee University conducted a study of the effects of syphilis on untreated subjects. Six-hundred sharecroppers from Alabama, 399 that had previously contracted the disease and 201 that had not, were studied and not treated for syphilis even when Penicillin was found to be an effective cure. This continued until 1972, when information was leaked and the study ended. In response, Congress passed the National Research Act, which stated guidelines for human research and created Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Institutional Review Boards were created to protect subjects of human research, but their authority is so broad that they do more harm than good. They license the research of scientists and have total control

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee established to review and approve research involving human subjects. IRB upholds the highest standards in the ethical conduct of research, including the protection of human participants. The purpose of the IRB is to ensure that all human subject research be conducted in accordance with all federal, institutional, and ethical guidelines. All human subject research, regardless of funding source, must be reviewed and approved by the IRB before

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) is a committee used in research in the Unite Sates that protects the rights and welfare of people recruited to participate in research (Royse, 2009). The IRBs purpose is to facilitate research and to ensure to protect human participants from harmful, risky or research not respectful of human rights and dignity and to ensure human subjects are protected during their participation. The IBRs are independent committee whom review and approve research. IBRs were established by the 1907s for concern about unethical research experiences oversee research in organizations receiving federal funds, hospitals, and other entities (Royse, 2009). The IBRs boards are usually comprised of professionals who are knowledgeable

Many phenomenological methodologies have been developed and used by qualitative researchers to review individuals’ experiences. Phenomenology for organizational research, descriptive phenomenological method, hermeneutic phenomenology, interpretive phenomenology, and interpretative phenomenological analysis are the five popular phenomenological methodologies in qualitative inquiry.

In " A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing” by Irving Seidman he talks about the methods and practice of phenomenological interviewing. For example, Seidman says that there are four themes to the interviews and the interviews should be done in three separate parts. Furthermore he states that the themes, “provide the rationale and the logic for the structure, technique, and approach to analyzing, interpreting, and sharing interview material” (263). Consequently it is made prevalent that these themes are crucial to the phenomenological interviewing process. In addition to him stressing the importance of the themes Seidman also elucidates on how much the three part interview matters.

Qualitative research is conducted in a natural setting and attempts to understand a human problem by developing a holistic narrative and reporting detailed views of informants about the culture of a problem. It forms a report with pictures and words. One of the most important distinctions that sets qualitative research apart from more traditional types of research is that qualitative research is holistic in that researchers study phenomena in their entirety rather than narrowing the focus to specific defined variables” (p. 93). Similarly, Cresswell (1984) indicated that qualitative research “is defined as an inquiry process of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting” (p. 2). Cresswell’s definition clearly delineates the major characteristics of qualitative research. Pg. 50 (Smith & Davis, 2010).

Qualitative interviewing can be semi-structured and unstructured. However both forms of interviews have three certain features in common. Firstly, qualitative interviewing is an exchange of dialogue between the interviewee and the interviewer (Edwards & Holland, 2013). Secondly, the researcher will have specific topics and issues that they wish to cover in the interview, however, how this information is collected is flexible (Edwards & Holland, 2013). Lastly, “a perspective regarding knowledge as situated and contextual, requiring the researcher to ensure that relevant contexts are brought into focus so that

When utilizing a qualitative approach, the task becomes one of determining the qualitative method to be used. Additionally, Stake (2010) used purpose, research design, and methodical data techniques as a way of classifying types of qualitative research. Similarly, Cresswell & Cresswell (2007) spoke of five practices of qualitative research. These five practices consist of biography, phenomenological study, grounded theory study, ethnography, and case study. This researcher chose a phenomenological study for this research project.

The qualitative feature in this study is only minimal. To alter to a predominately qualitative study; first, Oreck would need to expand the narrative section either through interview or observation. Second, utilize purposeful sample and narrow phenomena scope to ensure rich descriptions for transferability. Whereas, as stated the sample consist of a board spectrum of grades, and types of teachers (specialty, general).