April 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander of Bengali armed forces. Organized

In The Namesake, author Jhumpa Lahiri makes it is easy to see how absurdly different American culture is from that in India along with the gradual adaptation to American culture within this Bangladesh family. Every contrasting part of their culture is purposefully made apparent by the author to truly help bring understanding to the reader. It is my goal not only to list many of these differences, but to also sum up the events of this book.

On April 9, 1946, Muslim League's Central and Provincial Legislators had requested through a determination that the six territories of Bengal and Assam in upper east and Punjab, N.W.F.P, Sindh and Baluchistan in the northwest be constituted into a sovereign and the autonomous condition of

In the 1971 national elections, The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, had a major success, winning 160 seats as well as majority of the national assembly. Rahman demanded independence for East Pakistan, as well as the right to form a government.

Hamid shows Changes perception of individuality. People like Changes suffered a lot in America and got interest to know native identity. Native culture and identity is awesome for every individual. Changes worries that even after all the sacrifices and services of Pakistanis has never treated Pakistan as ally or friend. There is probability that Americans might have encouraged Indians to envy with Pakistanis. Hamid painfully conveys that Americans never treat non- European Counties as their friends and they treat like tissue papers.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

The eventual genocide was preceded by a number of events that angered the Bengali people, which would inspire some to take to nationalism and lead to government intervention. First, months after the creation of Pakistan, Urdu was declared the national language by the governor-general in 1948, despite the fact that only four percent of the population could speak it. As a result of negativity to the Western Bengali people, those who supported the use of Bengali received the label of a traitor, terrorist, and enemies of the state. In response to successive governments’ refusals to recognize Bengali as the second national language, the Bengali people created a language movement that soon became supported by the new Awami League, an alternative

One thing that the world does not always acknowledge, is that many countries have actually been demanding for independence ever since the 1800’s. The partition that created Pakistan was a long and tedious process before it got approved. Before World War II, Great Britain had full control over the country of India and its resources, even though the people were demanding for self-rule for several years. At the time, India consisted of both Muslim and Hindu cultures, and the tensions between the two

The British’s goal to separate the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs was a total disaster. “The trouble was that Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs were an integrated population so that it was impossible to make a border without widespread dislocation.” This quote states that making a border was impossible because the groups aren’t meant to be spread apart. “By the end of 1947 there were virtually no Hindus or Sikhs living in west India - now part of Pakistan - and no Muslims in the Indian east.” This explains how the British made Pakistan because of the partition. “The British government and Mountbatten must bear a large part of the blame for this tragedy." Therefore, the British caused religious violence and disagreement against each

The second cause of struggle came from the facts that since the Pashtuns were the majority, it

I was born in India. I was raised in Punjab state. I spent almost 17 years of my life in Punjab. I lived in India with my family. When I was 17 and half, me and my family moved from India to the United States. We immigrated to United States in 2016. Moving and adjusting into a new and different environment is not very easy. There are a lot of differences between these two nations. The language, education, work or job, living standard of people are the major differences that I have seen in these two nations. In 1947 after the British rule in India, a partition was happened in Punjab splitting it into two parts “West Punjab and East Punjab”. The West Punjab was given a name new of Pakistan. My great-grandparents used to live in West Punjab before

The years subsequent the war, Britain kept their promise to India. In return for military labor and free access to commodities throughout the war, Britain would relinquished their hold on the territory thus, allowing it its freedom. In 1947, British India was partitioned into ‘India and Pakistan’ and soon after, was given its independence as a solitary state apart from Pakistan. Although this was what the Indian Independence Movement aspired for, violence between Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus quickly arose (Pierce). The conflict sparked what became the determining factor in the separation of the two states, independently India, and Pakistan. India and its neighboring regions were flooded with mass exodus, people who believed that a Hindu India, and a Muslim/Sikh Pakistan was the best possible way to begin independence packed their things and left, seeking the land of their religious majority. Over 14.5 million people crossed borders. Nearby in Burma (what is modern day Myanmar), Japan had invaded with the assumption that they could easily take hold of the Burmese colony, which was incredibly blessed with

Although they each were united by one name, the Pakistani Government treated the East side with more hatred than the West. The governments of West Pakistan have made countless efforts in purifying the Bengals from the Hindu culture of India. Prior to 1971, there was an election held, which resulted in a group named the Awami League to win the majority. They were in favor of the idea of East Pakistan yearning for their independence. Some were opposed to this idea including a General in the Pakistani army named Yahya Khan and wished to intervene. He says that he wished, “to suspend democracy and to deal with the source of the “threat”-the residents of East Pakistan,” (Combat Genocide). Unlike the previous democracy, Yahya Khan showed disgust towards the idea of separation between the East and West. A report wrote that General Khan stated that, “We must kill three million of them, and the rest will eat out of the palm of our hand,” (Combat Genocide). General Khan even went to the extent of hiring General Tikka Khan to look after the East, who was said to be as brutal or if not worse than General Yahya himself. Just like the Holocaust, General Yahya planned to enact the “final

In 1940 the all-Indian Muslim league declared its desire for a 'Pakistan' meaning 'land of the pure' under the confederation of an all Hindu state called 'Hindustan' or the 'land of the Hindus'. however a 'Pakistan' under the Indian rule seemed impossible, and

Analysis of a long period (1947-1971) needed for the independence of Bangladesh is mainly depicted in this book. Analysis of why a

Nationalism is the most potent factor conducting in the political ground. In the nineteenth century it was almost universally accepted as a injunction for religion. Though in the middle age religious view had prominent influence but in the first half of 16th century more emphasis was given to geographic and national unity and field of national sovereign state was established. At that time strong central national government was established in England, French, Spain. French revolution has been considered the first emergence of nationalism. On the other hand Renaissance and Protestant reformation movement significant role in the rise of European nationalism. “Machiavelli believed that the uniformity of tradition, language and law are the main element of nationalism” (Ayesuddin,1976, in bengali). Besides these it is also necessary to understand clearly the implication of the trend of nationalist movement. The recorded history of Bangladesh is found from around the first century of the Christian era. Until the coming of muslims in the early 13th century the region was ruled by the Hindu and Buddhist kings. The muslim rule in Bangladesh began early in the 13th century and continued until the coming of East India Company. It had been seen a seat of political influence in the history of south Asia, especially 19th and 20th centuries. All major freedom movements against the British rule and ‘Sipahi Bidroha’ in 1857, was the first counterblasts against them by the