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In 1860, Southern states began to secede from the Union which lead to the American Civil War between the Confederates and the Union. The Confederates consisted of eleven Southern states while the Union consisted of 20 Northern states. What caused these Southern states to secede from the Union? During Abraham Lincoln’s presidential election in 1860, he won over the free Northern states which lead him to won. With Lincoln as president the Southern states feared the government would be more control by the North which meant a possibility of the abolishment of slavery.

This leads to the Declaration of Independence which was adopted July 4, 1776. This document was meant as a self-esteem boost for the new Americans; giving them inalienable rights. “The most important statement in the declaration is the human rights, where the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are extolled” (Gaynor). “He [Thomas Jefferson] wrote: "... it was intended to be an expression of the American mind" (Early America). Jefferson meant that the American people wanted freedom from high taxes and the big government in England.

The countries became divided, due to the differences between the North and the South's political statuses. The North was a financial and industrial mecca, whereas the South had an agricultural economy based on the institution of slavery. Because Southern plantation owners feared that the powerful North would put an end to slavery, political leaders did what they could to ease the sectional conflict. They passed laws like the Missouri Compromise, which allowed the acceptance of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free territory. Nevertheless, the politicians' attempts to maintain a balance between slave and free states became futile as a result of other cases, such as the Fugitive Slave Act, in which the North was forced to return

Though many laws were passed taxing the colonists, America had no say in the British Parliament. Patrick Henry’s speech embodies this argument when he says “We have no representatives in the British Parliament…… The Stamp Act is against the law. We must not obey it” (Doc. 1). This act of defiance caught the colonists’ attention and made them feel that perhaps they could change the laws after all. Another act of defiance against the British was the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party was a riot against the British that involved colonists dumping tons of tea from British ships into the sea. Britain then passed a law that said that the Boston Harbor would be closed until the colonists paid for the tea. This angered the colonists even more, and eventually led to the Revolution. As you can see, many rebellious deeds inspired the colonists and helped them confront the British.

Natural Rights: The idea that all people are born with the same, equal rights, such as life, liberty, and property. Thomas Jefferson was a key person in spreading the idea.

1.John Calvin- Martin Luther’s follower as a Protestant theologian, and the biggest figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation.

President John Adams had sent several delegates, one of them being John Martial, to France to help sort out the issues between France and the US, such as the United States not honoring the Franco-American Treaty, formed back during the American Revolution, when France had its revolution, by meeting with minister Talleyrand of France. Three of Talleyrand’s men met with the delegates and told them Talleyrand refused to meet unless a large amount of money was payed. The delegates returned home and informed President Adams, who was outraged. The name of the Affair comes from the substituting of the three French men’s’ names with X, Y, and Z in a Congress report.

Identify the federal government’s major challenges in reconstructing the South after the Civil War during the period from 1865 to 1877.

From the 1900’s through present day, equality and how to handle injustice situations have been hard. People all over the world struggle with being looked down upon or having rights that have been taken away because of racism, which can cause violence anywhere. In order for non-violence to be successful, the movement needs to have discipline, courage, and leadership because how you handle a situation is how you eliminate the problem. Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr have proven all of these steps to be true.

Upon the 1908 presidential election Roosevelt announced he would not be running for president, and his Secretary of War, William Howard Taft became the Republican candidate and won the election. Taft made antitrust prosecutions and fought for the reduction of tariffs; some of his decisions went against his cabinet members thoughts and he began to lose support and blunder. With the 1912 election approaching old and new candidates began to emerge making a competition for the next leader of America who would provide relief from tariffs and big business practices. This was a critical time in our nation and the new leader would be responsible for further advancing the development and policies of America.

Ever since Zionists (an extremist part of the Jewish population) immigrated to Palestine In the late 1800s, violence has plagued the region. The sheer numbers of Zionists moving in to Palestine scared the Arab population already living there, and fighting began. In an attempt to stop the violence spreading through Palestine, the United Nations stepped in and divided the nation into two separate states, one for the Jewish residents, and one for the Arab population. The dividing of the nations made the Arab people feel cheated, due to a larger amount of land being given to the Jewish people, even though there were less of them. Britain, which had been in control of the nation, quickly withdrew after the separation.

The Declaration of independence was a document written by Thomas Jefferson that declared America’s independence from Britain. The document also stated the natural rights of the people: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

One of the most famous quote people remember from the Declaration of Independence was, “ We hold these truths to be self- evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.’ Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress then would edit to create the final version. The Declaration was an explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare

After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Britain and its colonies. Following the Stamp Act, Patriot protests against taxation without representation escalated into boycotts, which culminated in the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power.[44]

In 1765 the British passed the terrible Stamp Act, which taxed the colonist. The British back home used he tax money to build and strengthen the British army for the war in France and Spain "American Colonist Declare Independence". The colonies were angry with the British because of the outrageous taxing, so they boycotted the British goods. They also would poor tar and feathers on the tax collectors. The colonist were so destructive that the British repeal the Stamp Act in 1766. Just 6 years after the Stamp Act the British needed more money so they created Tea Act in 1773 which the colonist viewed it as another unnecessary taxation "American Colonist Declare Independence". The colonist began to take the British taxation into physical actions, so they dump about 18,000 Euros of tea substance into the Boston harbor. The British responded by closing down the Boston port which put the colonist into a recession, and were still getting taxed. This is the first time the congress considered to resist from the British. April 19, 1775 the first shots were fired by the British fighting a resistance group. Both the colonist and the British saw it as a civil war "American Colonist Declare Independence". The King only saw it as a rebellion from the homeland. All the colonist wanted was to