Arabidopsis Research Paper

This experiment, which was used to explore the Theory of Evolution created by Charles Darwin. The use of natural selection was apparent in the artificial modification of an organism's traits which aided in this investigation. Through this experiment the Wisconsin Fast Plant was used. It is a fast-growing organism developed to improve the resistance to disease in cruciferous plants. This plant aids scientist in the exploration of environmental effects on population due to the speed to which is matures and reproduces. Artificial selection was stimulated by the selection against plants with few hairs(trichomes). Trichomes create a wider variation which means it is polygenic. The plants that had only a few trichomes were

Today’s lab incorporated the six steps of the scientific method to the growth and development of their own Wisconsin Fast Plant, also referred to as “Brassica rapa” in the scientific community. My group’s experiment included researching the effect of acidity on seed germination. The Wisconsin Fast Plant or Brassica rapa, was originally created by Professor Paul H. Williams at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. The word Brassica can refer to many different plants such as mustard plants, cabbages, rapes, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, turnip, rutabaga, and the Chinese cabbage. The Brassica rapa plants were created to help provide a better understanding and more research on the Brassica plant’s family diseases. Brassica rapa plants are in the Cruciferae family, and are named this way because all of the plants have 4 flowers in the form of a crucifix.

If I had lived during the Holocaust, the hardships would include lack of shelter, starvation, and survival. To start, people struggled to find a safe shelter. The book Milkweed is about a boy who has to change the locations of his shelter to be able to survive. I know that during this time period a lot of people who were jewish were taken to concentration camps were they were forced to work and were treated harshly. Because of this people had to change the location of their shelter to escape getting caught. Additionally, people also had to face the struggles of starvation. Since hitler and his nazis were killing off a lot of people, the people who owned food stores could no longer sell food. This meant that people couldn’t get the same amount

The hemp plant is good for a number of things such as sexually transmitted diseases and glaucoma. Using the hemp plant are known to cause several side effects. There are some states that believed its good enough to legalize this plant

Arabidopsis thaliana is the model organism chosen for investigation of miRNA expression because its entire genome has been sequenced (Weems 362-369). This organism also has a short life cycle and grows relatively quick with restricted space and this also makes it useful for lab research (Weems 362-369). The nutrient concentrations that were observed in this study included phosphorus and sulfur. These nutrients are specifically used because they are considered macronutrients that are required for plant growth (Axtell). Phosphorus is a component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP and coenzyme. Sulfur is also a component

Every culture on this planet is ripe with legend. We have the legend of Nessie, the legend of the abominable snowman, the legend that that the Bermuda Triangle is the gateway to hell. We hear about these legends everyday, however there is a very important one that not many of our society are aware of. It’s called Companion Planting, which is also better known as Three Sisters Planting. Although it’s been mentioned on PBS quite a few times, it’s still something that the American culture is not very knowledgable on.

A letter written by Allegra L. Fishel in 2010, this article was sent to the editor of the New York Times and is composed of comments and opinions on a previous unknown article (The New York Times).

The chrysanthemums is a symbol for Elisa love and emotions and her happiness. The chrysanthemums give her so much love and happiness that her husband couldn’t give her. The chrysanthemums is a symbol for her broken heart and her pains of being neglected by her husband. Her husband never for once praises her or her chrysanthemums. Elisa always working hard on her garden because the love she has for her chrysanthemums is been happy. One of the theme in the story was i think it was the way her husband treating her like she is not his wife, she work and try to please her husband but he always turn and treat her like trash."The right kind of life for a woman" (344). According to what I understand about this statement is that her husband is too blind to see the beauty in his wife. “You watch your fingers work. They do it themselves... They know. They never make a mistake" (343-4). This means that the way she working on her garden trying to make sure everything is on their places. In this story there were a lots of symbols that Elisa using to take care of her beauty garden. One of the symbols is her pot where she always put her Chrysanthemums seeds whenever she wanted to plant on her garden. She is a very strong woman who always tries to make herself happy by working on her beautiful flower.

6. The company has three main problems: the first problem is that they may unable to complete 200,000 IPhone 4 units in any of the three months they have been working on the contract. The second problem is they cannot hire more workers. The third problem is the company have problem with the Samsung flash memory installation. We have some suggestions for the company to solve these problems. Firstly, Danshui Company should improve their salary policy. We recommend company should motivate workers to produce more efficiently, for instance, they can set a basic salary for workers and offer them bonus if workers complete target. Secondly, the company should provide professional training for labors. So they can work more efficiently. After workers becoming more professional, the company cannot only use less labor hours, but also save more materials. A third suggestion is that Danshui Company should also improve the quality of production supervision. They should hire a more professional supervisor who is familiar with the production process and is able to build a good relationship with labors, so they can work more efficiently and the company can even save more money on materials.

The immune system of Arabidopsis thaliana can be divided into two lines of defence. Initially, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell membrane detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which leads to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) associated with basal resistance that defends the plant cell from less adapted pathogens (Jones and Dangl 2006). Pathogens that are able to surmount this initial immune response do so through the use of virulent effector molecules that inhibit and suppress PTI, which, in turn, activates the second line of defence, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) (Jones and Dangl 2006). ETI is achieved through the expression of numerous genes involved in disease resistance (R genes) that subsequently encode nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins that each recognizes specific effectors, which ultimately results in increased basal resistance and possibly apoptosis in the case of a hypersensitive response (HR) (Jones and Dangl 2006). The enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) gene is a crucial component of ETI, as its gene product serves as a signaling intermediary between this initial

Plant cells have selectively permeable membrane that allows selective substances to penetrate into the cell. Cell membranes are consisting of lipid layer that are made up of phospholipids. (Essays, UK.2013). These phospholipids are amphipathic in nature, which have phospholipids head and tail respectively. Phospholipids heads are hydrophilic and tails

Chickpeas are a popular type of legume that not only has anti-nutrients but also contains many nutrients that are beneficial to the human body. Soaking the chickpeas in an aqueous solution is a way to make chickpeas edible for consumption. The goal of this experiment is to determine the amount of moisture absorbed by chickpeas saturated in differently concentrated NaCl solutions. The chickpeas in the 0 M NaCl solution is shown to absorb the most moisture, whereas the 3 M NaCl solution is shown to absorb the least amount. In comparison the more dilute solution had the highest hydrolysis rate, whereas the more concentrated solution had the least. The amount of moisture absorbed is related to the k1 and k2 constants from the Peleg equation. The

Agarose GE: Figure 1 shows the results of amplifying five types Arabidopsis thaliana fwa gene. successful PCR was a result of nice bands showing in figure 1. Wild type undigested (900bp), mutant undigested(860bp), and mutant digested (850bp) were all showing band in the same location. On the other hand, Wild type digested did not show any bands meaning amplification did not occur because McrBc digests fwa enzyme that is being methylated. Gel electrophoresis was used to determine the size of the base pairs from the logarithmic equation. Digested and undigested mutant genes showed hazy regions meaning they have less amount of amplification compared to wild type undigested which shows a significant amplification. No band was shown for

Chickpea contain nutritionally important minerals whom bioavailability was reported to be good mainly for the iron. (H) Raw chickpea seeds provide about 5 mg/100g of Fe, 4.1 mg/100 g of Zn, 138 mg/100 g of Mg and 160 mg/100 g of Ca. About 100 g of chickpea seeds can cover the daily dietary needs of Fe and Zn and 200 g can meet that of Mg. The amount of total Fe present in chickpea has been reported to be lower than that in other pulse crops such as lentils and beans. Chickpea also contain other trace elements including Al, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd with quantities that do not pose any toxicological

Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), also known as garbanzo beans, gram, and hommes, is a legume, that likely originated in southeastern Turkey. Due to the distribution of Cicer reticulatum, it is believed that the domestic chickpea descended from it. Chickpea was one of the first legumes to be cultivated by humans. It is believed that this happen in the Fertile Crescent a minimum of 9500 years ago. This, however, is hard to prove because when carbonized, the telltale seed beak of the domestic chickpea is frequently broken off. From 3300 BC till now, the cultivation of the chickpea is documented well in the Middle East as well as Egypt (Redden, 2007). Chickpeas are now widely grown around the world. The places that it is grown