Archaeology And Its Impact On Archaeology

Scotland has an abundance of archaeology all throughout the country and all within different parts of prehistory. Scottish archaeology has a big impact on both the rest of the UK and on the rest of Europe. Although during the beginning of the 20th century, archaeology was seen as nothing more than labour, with the help of the two great men which held ‘the Abercromby chair’ – both with their own contributions to Scottish archaeology as a whole – it soon rocketed into the discipline what we see today.

After rewatching Indiana Jones Raiders of the Lost Ark for the second time I view Indiana Jones as less of an archaeologist than I did the first time I watched it. In my first paper I stated that Indiana Jones was a combination of a grave digger and an archaeologist. Now after completing this course I see that he is even less of an archaeologist than I first depicted. The only ethical archaeology being conducted in this movie is done by the Nazi’s; not Indiana Jones. Beyond, getting historical accuracy of the time period correct this movie fails fails to paint a picture of what archaeology truly is. In turn, since my knowledge is far more comprehensive I have come to realize that the movie fails to showcase archaeology even more than I originally

This essay will aim to cover several archaeology techniques and methodologies that would have been used during excavation of archeological sites, in particular the New Kinord site. These methods will provide an insight into a wide range of information that I am interested in discovering. These include what the inhabitants of the site did for a living, their diet and how the term of occupation can be determined.

The examination of this site would answer questions that are relevant to the development and abandonment of this site. Proposed excavations will begin by coring the soil of the most significant anomalies from the resistivity results. Soil coring will be done in each of the proposed 2 meter by 2 meter squares previously chosen for excavation (see attached site map plan). Soil cores yielding positive results, will then lead to shovel test pits; from there transecting trenches connecting those test pits will be excavated. It must be recognized that the precise location of the area must available for subjective change based on the results from coring and test pits. The objective of this excavation is to provide characterizations of features and sequences of the archaeological components of this particular archaeological site. There will be a need for the examination of all artefactual and ecofactual remains that are

The following report details the archaeological fieldwork conducted by New South Associates, Inc. for proposed widening and improvements along U.S. 158 in Forsyth and Guilford counties, North Carolina. The purpose of the survey was to identify and evaluate archaeological sites for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), within the proposed project area of potential effects (APE). This project was conducted for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) (TIP R-2577ABC, State Project No. 37405). This is a state-funded project covered under a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) individual permit. As such, the USACE serves as the lead federal agency and the work complies with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), as amended.

As I researched archaeology field schools to attend, I was drawn to the Mohegan Archaeology Project due to the breadth of methods and techniques that will be used on site, the fact that it is a Native American site, and that it works so closely with the Mohegan tribe to truly meet this people’s needs when excavating its artifacts and preserving its cultural heritage.

Finding an arrowhead is a dream every child has held at one time or another. The ones who hold that dream the longest become archaeologists. Studying the lithic material from a site can seem tedious and dull, but the information that can be gleaned from it is invaluable. The type of lithic material can provide insight into the lifestyle, tool production, trading habits, and a possible time period of habitation. We aimed to discover some of this information from the items recovered during the two weeks of excavation at the East Carolina University Summer Ventures Archaeological Field Methods class.

Both Australian Fossil Mammal Site and Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump are considered archeological sites which have unique challenges in comparison to other heritage sites. Conserving archaeological sites in urban environments includes two perspectives: the challenges of preserving archaeological sites in densely populated areas and the study of the evolution of the settlement itself. Both perspectives are essential in preserving the relationship between individual sites and the settlement as a whole.6 Conserving archaeological sites in urban environments, can be of large efforts. Australian Fossil Mammal Sites and Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump on the other hand do not need to be concerned about this dilemma due to their large proximity to civilization. Also since the large distance from the sites to civilization these heritage site avoid another large challenge some heritage sites face. Having a heritage site close to highly populated area often need to deal with pollution, new constructions, upgrades for public works and intensive traffic.6 Another potential challenge all heritage sites face is lack of interest and funding. It is important to maintain stakeholders for each site to generate interest and provide funding for proper archeological site maintenance. The World Heritage Convention states the biggest challenge for historical sites is funding and technical assistance.9 One of the most important challenges is for future World Heritage cultural landscapes to be better used as a tool for regional development and poverty eradication.9 Maintenance is an important part of the Preservation process. Regular maintenance will preserve character defining elements and extend the service life of functional components.6 As the conservation challenges increase, as sites face the impact of global processes, UNESCO will have to rethink and reshape

Participation by archaeologists in the indigenous construction of heritage remains a difficult and controversial issue (McGuire 1992:37, Nicholas and Andrews 1997a:12, 1997b:277; Trigger 2006:177-189). Following the critical theory of Habermas (1971:14-22, 1973:32-40) and its use in archaeology (Leone et al. 1987:283-292; Lyons 2005:1; Wylie 1985:138), archaeological practice is clearly a socio-political action in and for the present (Tilley 1989:105). Collaborative research with stakeholders may influence interpretation and results for social and political gain (McGhee 2008:580-581). This influence may

There are many similarities in the ethical statements/codes of the SAA, SHA, AIA, and RPA. The ones that pertain to this case are as follows: it is the responsibility of archaeologists to work for the long-term conservation and protection of the archaeological record (SAA 1, AIA 1, RPA 1.1-e). The buying and selling of objects out of archaeological context is contributing to the destruction of the archaeological record around the world, and these items should not be traded, sold, bought, or bartered as commercial goods (SAA 3, SHA 6, AIA 2, RPA 1.2-e). Within reasonable time, the knowledge archaeologists gain

The purpose of a Stage 3 assessment is to asses the cultural heritage value or interest of each archaeological site identified in a Stage 2 assessment, to determine whether it has been sufficiently documented or if further measures are required to protect or document the site fully. In the case of this Stage 3 assessment, two sites will be considered. Site 1 is a small pre-contact site located on a prominent sandy knoll in a ploughed field. Site 2 is a large pre-contact site located in a ploughed field. Both sites suggest pre-contact habitation as a result of having found pre-contact artefacts on the subject properties. The objectives will be to determine the extent of the archaeological site and the characteristics of the artefacts, to collect a representative sample of artefacts, to assess the cultural heritage value or interest of the archaeological site, and to determine the need for mitigation of development impact and recommend appropriate strategies for mitigation and future conservation. For the purpose of this Stage 3 proposal, I

The Pyramids at Caral Supe are significant as they show one of the earliest settlements in South America, built by the pre-Colombian civilization the Norte Chico. It gives insight on what kind of foods, pastimes and religious beliefs these ancient people had. First discovered in 1905 by a German archaeologist it wasn’t until the site was further excavated by the chief archaeologist, Ruth Shady and her associates, Jonathan Haas and Winifred Creamer, that the historical importance was truly discovered (Shady, An Interview with Dr. Ruth Shady, 2001). In 2009 it was listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO (The Sacred City of Caral Supe, 2008).

Archaeology is far from a cushy office job; most of the work is physically gruelling and may require relocation to remote areas for extended periods of time, leaving archaeologists at risk for countless foreign diseases and parasites. In addition to the physical risks, archaeologists accrue a significant amount of debt, as they are required to, at least, earn a bachelor’s degree and, subsequently, spend thousands of dollars that they may not have on post-secondary education. Debt, malaria and maggots aside, a job in archaeology practically guarantees international travel, with the added bonus of being paid for it. Perhaps the best way to work in archaeology is with a cultural resource management firm, as most archaeologists today are, likely because they enable the warm, self-aggrandizing feeling that accompanies the knowledge that a piece of history was just preserved and made available to the public. The risks taken to preserve these pieces of history are always fully calculated and minimized but in the event that the unfortunate does occur, archaeologists merely tap into the plethora of benefits bestowed upon them – a 401k plan, a medical, dental and vision plan, life insurance and paid holiday – and re-calibrate their lives. Although being an archaeologist is not without its downsides, its advantages not only outweigh, but surpass

To help students have a better appreciation of archeology and it’s role in American Indian studies I am designing a class to help students better understand archeology and its contexts surrounding Native American people. The title of this class will ARCH 123: Exploring Archeology and it’s Impact. This title is very relevant because it will reflect the two main themes we will focus our energies on during the semester. These themes are the evolution of archeology and the importance of archeology, encompassing it’s effects on people. The title of this class will give students a basic idea of what they will learn from taking it. Exploring archeology will take into context the transition from old archeology to the new wave of feminist archeology.

There is no right or wrong answer on how to create a mutualistic relationship between Indigenous communities and archaeologists. Archaeologists are different, as are Indigenous communities. Neither Indigenous archaeology nor community archaeology has all the answers. Every Indigenous community operates and thinks differently, and that is what makes them unique, just as every archaeologist doesn’t think or view the world the same. There is no real answer on how to create a mutualistic relationship between the two sides, there are only suggestions, which could improve the relationships. The tension between Indigenous communities and archaeologists, will always be there, it might not be prevalent, but it will always be in the back of everyone’s