Architecture Is A Concept That Was First Defined By Victor Olgyay

The futurist approach is a small step in the direction we have been pursuing as architects for the most part the twenty-first century: ecological design. Another key point that has been discussed, is the communities optimistic attempt to convey an efficient economic situation within such planned contemporary development. A bold decision of that time, in relation to the drastic absence of affordable housing during the 60’s and their place in America’s struggling urban lexicon (Neglia 2016). The design stages were well underway until a major setback in 1965 which effectively put the project out of service for good.

Being environmentally friendly isn’t merely a trend. After thousands of years of using the earth’s resources, we have finally come to realize that we are destroying this beautiful gift we were honored with. Architects play an influential role in trying to preserve this gift by encouraging a multitude of strategies that can be more cost efficient in the long run, be more comfortable for its users, and most importantly, have a lower carbon footprint. Strategies can include drastic changes to heat and air systems, construction material selections, or even specific design details to the architecture of a building that would reduce the amount of energy it consumes.

The human body is the ultimate tool for discovering the environment. Human anatomy is considered to be nature’s peak of perfection and certain features serve as inspiration for many architects. To study the relationship between the human body and architecture, one must not be limited to human body parts resemblance to architectural works but to a larger extent consider human emotions, sensory nerves, the mind and general human psychology. In essence everything that makes us human. In its simplest definition Architecture can be described as an art or practice of designing buildings. It is practiced in a way that accomplishes both practical and communicative or expressive requirements. To relate it to human body then Architecture can widely define the place, the site, the energy, the systems, the building, the flora and fauna. These components that bring aesthetic property to humanity apart from the utilitarian purpose it serves. The perfect balance of a normal human body and the proportions are incorporated into architecture from a point of view of imitation, idealized allusion and the actual human use. Evidence of such human incorporation into architecture is seen from the Ancient Greek Architectures where it was common for tower columns to take shape of a human being like in the colossus of the Ancient

Architectural works have been conceived from ingenuity and principles accumulated since the dawn of time when we lived in primitive caves and sought shelter for survival. Architects interpret these conventions and use the physical environment to bring them to life using tectonic and stereotomic expression. Tectonics is defined as “The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels, dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed" ("Tectonics" 1913). Baeza (2009) further explains tectonics architecture to be “a structural system of knots and joints in which the construction is articulated”. Conversely, Francesco Cacciatore describes stereotomics as “the gradual removal of matter from an initial shape” (Cacciatore 2011). Stereotomic and tectonics

Beatley, T. Biophilic cities. Integrating nature into urban design and planning, Washington DC, Island Press (2011) 1-16

To sum it up, architects do many things to try and prevent impacts made from weather.

All three structures demonstrate a reliance on anthropomorphism to dictate designs of spatiality. However, they can be distinguished from one another in relation to the architect’s motivations of contextual social and cultural ideals as well as the relative understanding of the human proportion.

Just by the sound of it, it seems so easy to understand that a population that is of diverse nature definitely requires a corresponding diverse environment upon which it can thrive and succeed. This philosophy rules out the whole idea as to why architects are continuing to come up with one size fits all design environments. The question is as to whether their main intention is to create and or trying to ensure equality. But as already set, the society is composed of a diverse population, which is a reason enough as to why diverse architectural designs are important for the masses. Critics may attribute this trend to the notion that methods of construction as well as the costs associated with diverse designs, alongside the respective site restrictions tend to make the diverse environment to become infeasible both economically as well as physically. On the contrary in this view, this way of thinking only makes it difficult for the designers to understand the manner in which the diverse populations are affected by the buildings.

Biophilic design is sometimes considered as just a ‘design fad’ or a way to gain benefit off of employees or students, however architects responded that Biophilia is not a trend, but is based on sound research that is constantly changing and improving throughout the years (Biophilic Design takes over U.S office space, 2016). Heath (Para. 8) argued to BBC television host, “Trends come and go, biophilic design looks to tap into human evolutionary preference for seeking out healthy landscapes that allow people to survive, thrive and flourish”. He also continued saying how Biophilic design is a solution dealing with urban stressful situations using nature. Biophilic design is not constant, but is improving and changing over time, because of this people are starting to understand the importance and benefits of engaging with natural elements in order to be comfortable, relaxed, and productive. Biophilic design has a to do with people’s health and mood in any commercial or residential building. In short,

Architecture is inhabited sculpture to serving human needs, apparently forgotten in modern age architecture. However,there has been a dependence and increase on energy expending such as cooling, heating, ventilation and lighting frameworks to accomplish human solace in structures. the pattern has sensibly swung the other way. designers are grasping regionalism and cultural building tradition, given that these structures have turned out to be vitality productive and sustainable. In this season of urbanization and rapid technological advancement, there is still much to be gained from the customary information of vernacular architecture in order to achieve sustainable.

To now further explore Wright’s own definition of the term “Organic Architecture” it is essential to note that he used the word “nature” with two main definitions. The first way in which he used the term alluded “to the outdoors ... or the “external” nature.” (Twombly 304) In this context there were four major ways in which nature informed his designs, the first of these being the need to be close to the outdoors and nature itself. The inspiration that could be drawn from surroundings as models for architectural forms and construction principles was also a crucial influence to his designs. The use of materials that would connect to the immediate nature was very important in the making a construction organic. Lastly, in the designs Wright created, there was always a sensitivity of the local climate conditions.

The fact that high-rise buildings are massive energy consumers is a key factor that has influenced the current development of tall building constructions. Their scale and purpose have turned them into dominant components in urban architecture. Architects and engineers have opted to go green as a solution to the dangers of energy consumption posed by high-rise buildings to the environment. As much as tall buildings have played a key role in combating population growth and the lack of space, they have been noted to use massive energy in the way of construction hence causing the overflow of wastes and environmental pollution. Furthermore, they deprive residents of light and natural weather. With sustainability being the main aim, architects and engineers have therefore revolutionized the conventional design to come up with high performance high-rise buildings. The current high performance design comes with benefits such as indoor environmental quality, resource conservation, design flexibility and energy efficiency among several others. However, the design process of a sustainable high-rise building is quite complex. It calls for the designer to have an understanding of the performance of the building in terms of different variables and design factors presented under conflicting conditions as well. As such various professionals such as behavioral scientists, social scientists, engineers, planners and architects among other groups, end up participating in the design process.

This semester we tried to learn and discuss the influence of research work in landscape architecture design. Landscape architecture is becoming more and more important in people’s daily life today and it is essential for us to have a good awareness of how research work would affect landscape architecture design. I will illustrate this point from three parts: (1) why is research an integral part of landscape architecture? (2) what roles do it fill? (3) how will landscape architecture be impacted by over the fifty years as a result of landscape architecture research?

The book, Sensory Design published by Joy Monice Malnar and Frank Vodvarka in 2004, explores a new multi-sensory method of design for architects in 335 pages. The opening of the book starts with a question “What if we designed for all senses?” Very similar to articles from Pallasmaa, the book leaves the reader wanting to know more about this method although this book covered many topics and included many references. Malnar is an associate professor at the University of Illinois, and Vodvarka is an artist who wrote many articles on architectural history.

Architecture can be viewed with two different types of properties. Properties that can be seen like shapes, their composition, the spaces they create and, the colours and textures that make up their appearance. These properties are considered to be visual while other properties are considered to be abstract. These properties can only be described using words; the meanings behind the architecture and the stories that can be told about it. The context, its cultural background and its function also affects how we view architecture. The question is, what