Arctic Council Controversy

The tundra is by far the coldest type of biome, as it is known for its low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Occurring primarily near the Arctic within the Northern Hemisphere, the soil may be frozen all year up to a few feet, which allows no tree growth. However, a few animals have adapted to these conditions. These animals include lemmings, hares, oxen, foxes, wolves, and more. Within the tundra biome there are two different types of tundra biomes, arctic tundra and alpine tundra.

Canadian Arctic Sovereignty is currently a pressing issue has raised many questions about who owns and who has control over the Arctic and its precious resources. The posing question is; to what extent should Canada protect its Arctic Sovereignty? There are many reasons why Canada must go forward in defending and protecting the Arctic to a moderate extent even though it will be a challenging mission considering that the Canadian military currently needs more resources in order to properly defend the Arctic. They must defend the population of Inuit that currently reside in the Arctic must be protected because their way of life is changing due to their changing landscape. The gain

So legally we do own parts of the Arctic but what about after 12 miles? Well there is another set of laws in the UNCLOS act. There is a 200 nautical-mile Exclusive Economic Zone around

The inuit have to understand the natural patterns of Arctic wildlife because of global warming. Global warming is causing problems because the number

Humans have been interacting with the Arctic tundra for centuries now. They have used the land to explore and race, for example, the infamous race between Admunsen and Scott to the South pole. However, the human civilisation on the Arctic tundra have had their implications, both severe and light. Humans have slaughtered whales and seals since very early days, for food as well as commercial and self-profiting purposes. The most recent and paramount problem is global warming and pollution, which is harming the Arctic Tundra far more than the sealing and whaling ever did.

Despite recent International opportunism, Canada lays claim to the region through historic documents and acts of sovereignty. Canada’s claim to the area began in 1670. When King Charles II of England granted Rupert’s land in a charter to the Hudson’s Bay Company at the height of the fur trading era. This charter covered a large area around Hudson’s Bay, including the northern expanse above the bay (Rose 4). In 1880, Britain granted the new dominion of Canada the Arctic Archipelago (Rose 5). Including 94 arctic islands and “all Islands adjacent to any such territories” discovered or not (Bonikowski). To secure Canadian sovereignty, Canada sent explorers Joseph-Elzéar Bernier and Vilhjalmur Stefansson to leave plaques and flags on several islands. The symbolic significance of flag raising is questioned, as sovereignty entails taking responsibility for a region through tangible ways.

Collaborating on an international level remains important for conducting ice patch research due to the rapid melting of alpine ice and decay of valuable artifacts. The work conducted for this thesis included cooperation from Parks Canada. Ice patch research was conducted not only on the U.S. side of the international border, but also on the Canadian side of Chilkoot Pass. Parks Canada allowed me and KLGO archaeologists to use the Canadian warden cabin at the summit of Chilkoot Pass as a basecamp for the ice patch study (Figure 1.4). Working between two sovereign countries emphasizes the matter of climate change as a global issue and the importance in maintaining international relations. Maintaining international relations benefits the scientific community on a global scale and provides significant research opportunities.

More than 90% percent of the food in Alaska comes in from elsewhere. Also the Circumpolar Council-Alaska looks out for coastal villages in the state. The United States and the other countries all contribute to global warming and pollution that affects the Arctic. The oogruk are the largest of Alaska’s Ice seals. The inuit live in the Arctic region, which includes parts of Alaska, a few European countries and Russia. The Inuits in Alaska are having many problems because of global warming. They are having trouble finding food while hunting and Alaska already has to find it's food from other places.

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, or ANWR, is a refuge geared toward preserving national wildlife in northeastern Alaska. ANWR is about 19 million acres, in space, and contains a potential drilling spot for oil and petroleum. The potential drilling spot is a small area known as the 10-02 Area. It is only 1.5 million acres, or 8%, of ANWR, would even be considered for development (What is ANWR). The controversy surrounding ANWR is whether to drill or not to drill into the 10-02 area. Some people want to preserve the wilderness and to find more fuel-efficient technologies. Others want to lower gas prices and to create more job opportunities. If the government decides to drill for oil, it could possibly lead to about 17 billion barrels of oil,

The protection of the nation’s resources and the sea itself directly impacts our economic stability, which therefore guarantees our credibility as a superpower nation. In addition to fulfilling the presidential mandate this mission is very well tied to our commitment to maritime stewardship. Nevertheless without the appropriate resources air Station Kodiak’s H-60 division will not be able to support the Arctic Mission. The challenges involved with supporting the arctic mission, the positive impact that forces from other units in executing this mission, and solutions to mitigate current challenges to better support future operations in the region have all been outlined. Whatever the outcome maybe one thing remains true, we as Chiefs strive to lead our people through many challenges, including changes, and we will always preserver using the vast network of knowledge found in the Chiefs mess to find solutions. Challenge those that offer temporary solutions and be the anchor in finding a permanent

The polar ice caps are melting at a pace few nations can afford to ignore, which is yielding potentially profitable sources of energy, minerals, and shipping. But debate is building over whether the Arctic can be developed peaceably. In the 21st century, many experts believe that climate change, technological advances, and ever increasing global demand for resources unlock the economic potential of the Polar North. The melting of Arctic sea ice to record lows in recent years has motivated many nations, mainly those with Arctic Ocean coastlines, such as the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, and Greenland to reassess their engagements and interests in the icy polar reaches. Canada’s

It contains an expanse of tundra with many marshes and lagoons with rivers situated between foothills of the Brooks Range and the wide, icy waters of the Beaufort Sea. Environmentalists said that this area “is the most biologically productive part of the Arctic Refuge for wildlife and is the center if wildlife activity.” The importance of these resources is not measurable. The Arctic is home to such animals as caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, musk oxen, whales, wolves and snow geese. This area is full of wildflowers and contains water of excellent, unpolluted quality and quantity. The Arctic Ocean costal plain is an area critical to the survival of many birds and mammals (‘Alaska Wild’).

The Arctic Mining case revolves primarily around team member relations. Incidentally, there is great value in studying teams and team dynamics due to the popularity of team use and team coordination across organizations (Robert N. Lussier, Human Relations in Organization (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 2008), 194).

Kolbert provides compelling evidence of Global Warming in the Arctic from her hands-on experience accompanying scientists in the field. From the storm surges that threaten the Alaskan village of Sarichef to the warming (and even melting!) permafrost, the evidence all point to the irrefutable fact that the planet is warming up extraordinarily fast. In fact, the Keeling Curve gives us a rather explicit visualization of how greenhouse gases levels (CO2, in particular) are rising at unprecedented rates.

The Arctic is global warming’s canary in the coal mine. It is a highly sensitive area which is profoundly affected by the changing climate. The average temperature in the Arctic is rising twice as fast as elsewhere in the world (nrdc.org). Because of this, the ice cap is getting thinner, melting away, and rupturing. Here is an example of this; the largest ice block in the Arctic, the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, had been around for 3000 years before it started cracking in 2000 (nrdc.org) By 2002, the Ward Hunt has cracked completely through and had started breaking into smaller pieces. The melting ice caps are affecting the earth and its inhabitants in many ways. In this paper, the following concepts and subjects will be