Arctic Tern Research Papers

The tundra is by far the coldest type of biome, as it is known for its low temperatures, little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Occurring primarily near the Arctic within the Northern Hemisphere, the soil may be frozen all year up to a few feet, which allows no tree growth. However, a few animals have adapted to these conditions. These animals include lemmings, hares, oxen, foxes, wolves, and more. Within the tundra biome there are two different types of tundra biomes, arctic tundra and alpine tundra.

The Arctic fox is compareble in size to the domestic cat. It inhabits the so-called kingdom of the polar bear the area midway between Norway and the North Pole. This canine predator changes to extreme weather conditions. During the winter months, it’s white coat is ideal camouflage in these rough northern climates. The Arctic fox can roam all winter without hibernating its fur is the thickest of all Arctic mammals. Its insulation permits it to grow even though winter temperatures normally fall to -50 degrees Celsius. When nutrition becomes scarce, the Arctic fox may follow polar bears as they pursue seals on the perilous sea ice. This strategy is hazardous not only because of the possibility of falling into freezing water, but also because

The arctic fox lives in the Arctic tundra. Tundra is flat and treeless. The subsoil, right under the the top, is frozen. They live in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Russia, Norway, Scandinavia and Iceland. Arctic foxes live in burrows. A burrow is a tunnel. If a blizzard comes, they can tunnel into the snow to make a shelter. They do not hibernate. Arctic foxes are very active all year long. They are also called Snow foxes or White foxes because they live in the snow and their fur is white.

The purpose of this paper is to explore available research on the overpopulation of the Snow Goose on the North American continent. The snow goose has been rising in population since the middle of the century and has been escalating so much it is destroying their natural habitat. Wildlife managers have just recently begun to implement strategies to combat this problem. Mainly through the use of hunters the managers are trying to curb the population growth.

The muskox can survive in the tundra due to its large coat of rough hair on its body. It lives in the tundra to find what it needs to stay sustained such as roots, mosses and lichens.Next the Arctic Hare survives in the tundra because it has shortened ears and limbs, a wad small nose, fat that makes up 20% of its body, and a thick coat of fur. It live in the Tundra because that is its place of origin.Third the Polar Bear survives in the tundra because it has a big fur coat over a thick warm coat of fat. It stays in the arctic or tundra due to those locations have the food source they need to survive.Fourth the Arctic fox survives in the Tundra because the furry soles, short ears and short muzzle which are good for chilly climates. They stay

The Tundra soils are made at high latitudes. It is normally very cold in the Tundra. Tundra soils are usually frozen. It is normally classified as Gelisols.

Environmental changes due to our climate warming is causing terrible effects on the Marten population in the northern reaches of Wisconsin. What climate change is doing to the habit in which the Marten is living in is changing the amount of snowfall the regions in which the Martens are living in are acquiring. Looking at figure 3 you can see that the total snowfall in the two regions where Martens were reintroduced showed significantly less snowfall accumulation in present day compared to the 1980’s. This is extremely important to note because this change in snowfall can deteriorate the critical zone called the subnivium. The subnivium is the seasonal microenvironment underneath the snow (Pauli et al., 2013). This is a small zone where plants and small mammals thrive during the winter. It should be stated that the subnivium insulates the ground creating a pocket of warmth that allows these organisms to survive the harsh Wisconsin winters. The way a subnivium is formed is based on snow duration, density and depth (Pauli et al., 2013). But this is where climate change comes into play. It is causing snowfall to decrease, the time snow is present is decreased and the density of the snow is lower (Pauli et al., 2013). Having these three factor decline is getting rid of the refuge of the subnivium and killing organisms that thrive there. One such organism is the American Marten. These mammals are small enough to crawl down tree trunks where the snow is melted to gain access to the subnivium. This is where the Marten hunts mice and other small mammals to its heart's content. But with the loss of the subnivium Martens can’t hunt in their little paradise. They will have to find other places to hunt and find prey to satisfy their caloric needs. This is where the Fisher has the advantage, since they are too large to access the subnivium. The Fisher

Reindeer mosses and lingonberries are the producers of the tundra’s food chain (Naik, 2013) . The primary consumers, arctic hare and reindeer, can’t get their energy directly from the sun so they depend on the producers to obtain the energy they need. The arctic fox is the secondary consumer because they prey on arctic hares but also eat berries. The snowy owl, polar bear, and arctic wolf are the tundra’s tertiary consumers. Snowy owls eats the arctic hare and and arctic fox. Arctic wolves eats the arctic hare, arctic fox, and reindeer. Arctic wolves have been known to prey on snowy owls because unlike regular owls they build their nests on the ground. This brings a disadvantage to the snowy owl since it is now more accessible to prey. The last tertiary consumer in this biome is the polar biome. The polar bear consumes the arctic fox, arctic hare, and sometimes the reindeer. Because nothing are predators to the arctic wolf or polar, they die a natural death. When these organisms die they decompose and become nutrients to the producers of this biome. This allows the entire process to be started over again and is important to maintain the ecological balance of the

Covering 1.5 million square kilometers, or about one-seventh of Canada, the Northern Arctic Ecozone extends over most of the Arctic Islands and includes the northeastern portion of the Northwest Territories

As important as it is, Arctic coastal sea ice plays a vital role in dynamics of the coastline, covers stretches of open water which serve as important biological habitats, and serves as a platform for a broad range of activities by residents and industries (Druckenmiller et al., 2009). Sea ice is also important because it is used as a platform for harvesting seals and whales in spring, transport of personnel and supplies to camps, and as a network of trails (Druckenmiller et al., 2009). Dangerous effects of climate change include “ice breakouts” which are when large chunks of ice that whalers are using as working areas break off of the main ice blocks and take whaling camps out to sea (Druckenmiller et al.,

The Arctic Lowlands are found between the Canadian Shield and Innuation regions. It is rocky with rounded hills. Also the surface is frozen all year. There is atleast a day in a year that the whole day is darkness. some of the natural resources you can find is coal,lead,ainc,soapstone, and natural

This is why the inuit have needed to understand the natural patterns of the arctic wildlife

There are two Tundra Swan populations. They are known are the eastern and western populations. Since 1990 the western population has increased by 2% per year; leaving the average population as 89,620 swans in 2000. Also, since 1990 the eastern population has had a 5% increase per year; leaving the average population at 103,080 swans in 2000. Adding up both the eastern and western population,it is an average of 96,350 Tundra Swans.

It contains an expanse of tundra with many marshes and lagoons with rivers situated between foothills of the Brooks Range and the wide, icy waters of the Beaufort Sea. Environmentalists said that this area “is the most biologically productive part of the Arctic Refuge for wildlife and is the center if wildlife activity.” The importance of these resources is not measurable. The Arctic is home to such animals as caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, musk oxen, whales, wolves and snow geese. This area is full of wildflowers and contains water of excellent, unpolluted quality and quantity. The Arctic Ocean costal plain is an area critical to the survival of many birds and mammals (‘Alaska Wild’).

The Fratercula arctica live in Northern Atlantic. In that place it is cold. The Fratercula arctica has four different species. All four are found in the cold weather. Since they live up there they have to find food. They hunt small fish. What they do is cool. The fly up to speeds to 55 miles per hour. The Fratercula arctica flap their wings 300-400 flaps in a minute. Then they swoop down and open the beak and get a lot of small fish. The stuff about 64 small fish. Since the Fratercula arctica is a bird the skin is of course feathers, so they can fly. The good thing about the Fratercula arctica is that they conservation status is good. That means the that they are not going extinct. The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the