Arctic Tundra Research Paper

The tundra, which comes from the Finnish word, tunturi, which means treeless, is the coldest terrestrial biome known to biologists (University of California Museum of Paleontology). Located in the northern hemisphere, between 55° and 70° North, the Tundra covers about 20% of Earth’s surface (S). Although tundras can be found in many of the continents, most notably, the Northern Alaska, Canada and Greenland Tundra and the Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands stand out the most (Gardella). They are all large tourists attractions disply nature’s ability to thrive in the harshest environments. Winters in the tundra have an average temperature of -30° F, due to its high altitude. However, the average temperatures in the tundra during

In the summer snow and ice melt however, some permafrost still remains deep in the ground. The permafrost prevents snow and ice from absorbing into the ground, so as a result bogs and marshes form. Winter temperatures in the Tundra can get to as low as -18 to -50 degrees Fahrenheit. This polar climate experiences such harsh temperatures because of its high latitude and indirect sunlight. Summer temperatures are cool, average temperatures don’t go above 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

The muskox can survive in the tundra due to its large coat of rough hair on its body. It lives in the tundra to find what it needs to stay sustained such as roots, mosses and lichens.Next the Arctic Hare survives in the tundra because it has shortened ears and limbs, a wad small nose, fat that makes up 20% of its body, and a thick coat of fur. It live in the Tundra because that is its place of origin.Third the Polar Bear survives in the tundra because it has a big fur coat over a thick warm coat of fat. It stays in the arctic or tundra due to those locations have the food source they need to survive.Fourth the Arctic fox survives in the Tundra because the furry soles, short ears and short muzzle which are good for chilly climates. They stay

The Beringia Upland Tundra is split into three separate parts in Alaska. The two major parts consist of the upland and mountainous areas from the Seward Peninsula, and the other has Kilbuck and Ahklun mountain ranges. These parts of land are very similar in vegetation and land makeup (Hagenstein). Summer temperatures range from 40 degrees fahrenheit to 60 degrees fahrenheit. The land is a treeless, flat area with mountain ranges. The climate In the Beringia Upland Tundra is -20 fahrenheit to 5 degrees farenheit in the winter. In the summer, the climate is usually around 30 degrees fahrenheit to 40 degrees fahrenheit (Ricketts). Climate change has affected the animals, permafrost, and sea ice of the Beringia Upland Tundra.

Humans have been interacting with the Arctic tundra for centuries now. They have used the land to explore and race, for example, the infamous race between Admunsen and Scott to the South pole. However, the human civilisation on the Arctic tundra have had their implications, both severe and light. Humans have slaughtered whales and seals since very early days, for food as well as commercial and self-profiting purposes. The most recent and paramount problem is global warming and pollution, which is harming the Arctic Tundra far more than the sealing and whaling ever did.

The tundra is an ecosystem that has consumers, decomposer, food chain and producers so that is the stuff that I know about tundra ecosystem so let's get started with The tundra ecosystem facts about the tundra ecosystem.

Imagine that you're in a place that’s alluring and unique. There are animals prancing around everywhere on a ground that covers layers of frozen water. The Project that I have chosen to take on the habitat and ecosystem called the Alaskan Arctic Tundra. The tundra has an extremely cold climate with a simple vegetation structure. Even though I chose the Alaskan Arctic Tundra, there are other places that are also tundras like in Siberia, Canada, and even a tiny part of Colorado. The geography of it has a variety of plants even though there is a permanent layer of permafrost.

3. The treeless Arctic plains north of the timberline form a region called the tundra. Most of the tundra is north of the Arctic Circle, in the north Frigid Zone. The Frigid Zones are the coldest regions on earth.

The ANWR or Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a refuge specially designed for wilderness purposes. This refuge is located in the northeast corner of Alaska, and is home to a rich diversity of over 250 species of wildlife. For a better description, this refuge has been named spiritual, recreational, historical, and cultural. However, not all would agree that the arctic refuge is a rather safe place.

Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturia that means treeless plain. It is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the coniferous forest of taiga .It has been called "the land of the midnight sun". The sun can't warm the tundra up much. The Tundra Biome has short seasons of growth and reproduction. Their seasons last 50 to 60 days. Some animals that live in this biome are voles’s, caribou, arctic hares, and squirrel, these animals are all herbivorous. The carnivorous that live here are arctic foxes, wolves, and polar bears. Ravens, snow, buntings, falcons, loons, sand nippers, terns, snow birds, and gulls are all migratory birds. The fish in this biome are cod, flatfish, and trout. The plants

Organisms can live in harsh environments without being prone to danger. The Arctic includes the world's smallest ocean being the Arctic Ocean, as well the world’s largest island, Greenland. In regards to the Arctic, its ocean is covered in floating sea ice throughout the year. The climate of the Arctic varies a lot during the seasonal changes. In the months in the winter season, the sun doesn’t pass the horizon in the Northern Arctic, which in result the temperature significantly be depleted in some areas to -60 degrees Celsius, but to differentiate, during the warmer months of summer, temperatures can cause some areas of the Arctic to melt, due to temperature reaching of 20 degrees Celsius. In the Arctic, the Environmental conditions vary

Tundra - a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.

The problem is that the arctic melt has caused global warming and climate change. In the Arctic, the ice is melting and the air is warming. Unfortunately, the Arctic ocean is taking in a lot of sunlight which causes it to become even warmer. Ice and snow cover take up a smaller space and used to be only present for under a year, but now that number is even less. As this happens, permafrost warms. As the years go on, mountain glaciers, sea ice, and the Greenland ice sheet melt faster and faster. Throughout this century, the Arctic ocean will have a limited amount of ice or will have no ice at all. Climate change is to blame for the arctic melt.

The purpose of this report is to discuss the Arctic’s resources and developments as well as the environmental impacts of the Arctic’s development and climate change. In addition,

From the beginning of man kind we have always be curious to investigating the unknown that including Arctic region. The Arctic region consist of Sweden, Russian, Norway, Iceland, Greenland (Denmark), Finland, Canada, Arctic ocean and parts of Alaska. The exploration in the Arctic region began in the 16th century where the geographic definition of the Arctic region is defined at latitudes above 66${^{\circ}}}$ 33" 44" N. The first successfully oil and gas exploration and production (E$\&$P) in the Arctic was in the late 19th to early 20th century in Alaska but the discover of commercial oil and gas field in the Alaska was first made in the late 1950s. Based on the estimation from U.S Geological Survey 13 $\%$ of oil and 30 $\%$ of undiscovered