Ardo's Physical Appearance

The issue of day time sleepiness is common among the residents in nursing home. In this study a research question is raised on the basis of the problem being discussed. 10 articles that meet all the criteria of best research i.e. high quality, evidence based and peer-reviewed are searched using the USQ database. The process of locating and retrieving quality evidence to support the PICO question is stated. The inclusion and exclusion criteria along with hierarchy of evidence are considered in the study. The articles then are summarized in table format and are synthesized. Finally, one of the 10 articles is critiqued using the relevant framework.

The article’s main objective was to examine the prevalence of danger for sleeping disorders among the students who are in college and also their effects on the grade points average (Jane, 2010, pg 91). Their age and gender was also considered in the analysis. According to Jane (2010, p. 92), the survey was conducted on 1845 college students at large from a southeastern public university. The methodology used was the validation of the sleep disorder questionnaire that surveyed the sleep data for the 2007-2008 academic year in the university. The students’ grade points average were also obtained from the registrar’s office and matched against the students’ questionnaire details and then analysis was done. The students faced several sleep problems which could have an impact on their performance, mood, and health. The most common

Since sleeping issues among people are only getting worse, some researchers are even calling insufficient sleep the next global health crisis. A study was completed by UK’s University of Warwick Medical School to better understand sleeping insufficiency among developing nations primarily in Asia and Africa. They found that these countries are suffering just as much, if not more (in some cases) as developed countries. Bangladesh was found to be the most problematic in terms of their sleeping patterns. The driving factor was that 40% of women in Bangladesh

Martha is a 65 year old lady who suffers from insomnia based on the preliminary symptoms of sleeplessness. She is also under severe stress from her mum’s dependence condition which makes her unhappy with her retirement. Martha’s mum’s condition is of great influence to her insomnia disorder for she only thinks of her through out the day, caring for her leaving Martha with little time to check on her health. Insomnia is a disorder that mostly affects the elderly though it may affect people from all ages. It is the lack of sleep even when one feels to have some sleep. It is not a stand alone disease but a symptom which is defined by the duration one lacks quality sleep. Transient insomnia is not having sleep for a week, short term insomnia is lack of adequate sleep for 2-3 weeks, while sleeplessness for a month is termed as chronic insomnia. Various studies have shown that insomnia affects women more often than men and that 30%-50% of elderly Americans experience difficulty in initiating and maintaining adequate sleep. Diagnosing insomnia in a patient the health practitioner would evaluate the patient medical record and other factors that may contribute to insomnia. For example, snoring, psychological factors such as stress levels and drug use. Martha’s physician would check on her medical

Sleep is important not only for promoting healing, but also for the overall well-being of the individual. When there are problems with the sleeping pattern, it impacts the overall health and safety of the older adult. The person will not have enough rest and will be too tired to perform activities surrounding daily living. We have to assess the risk factors contributing to the problems of sleep disturbance and these might be “related to poor sleep hygiene, including an irregular sleep schedule, environmental noise or light, and the use of stimulants” (Mauk, 2014, p. 581). If the sleeping pattern is not assessed, possible complications will happen, such as falls that could lead to bodily injuries.

Sleep disturbance among the older adult population is known to be a prevalent issue (Gooneratne, Pack, Staley, Schutte-Rodin, Dinges, & Pack, 2011). Much study has

Sleep is a vital component to sustaining life in humans. Even though everyone participates in sleeping, many individuals do not understand the true significance of sleeping, and what benefits and consequences come with too much or too little sleep. Sleep comes in different stages throughout the period of rest, with some stages being more important than others. By interrupting various stages, different types of problems can arise from which stage is being affected. In particular, elder adults are affected in larger numbers to a more extensive depth of issues. “However, aging does not mean elders should encounter sleep disorders; it merely increases the possibility that more elders will seek help to manage the problem” (Song, Hollenbeck, Blair, Schatzkin, Chen. 2012. p.316) By understanding possible causes for sleep disorders, what kinds of physiological effects this has on the aged anatomy, and the types of problems that appear in the psychological aspect, it becomes achievable to begin working towards reversing complications and promoting elder sleep health.

The couple stated that as they are getting older, they are sleeping less compared to when they were very young. They sleep an average of 6 to 7 hours a day sometimes, less than that. The husband complained of laying awake especially when something is bothering him both does not use any sleeping aid but the wife sometimes uses benadryl to help her sleep for a longer period of time.

The rest of both the groups were made up entirely of men totalling in fifty-nine, the insomniac group containing twenty-two men while the controlled group contained thirty-seven. This is important to note as since not only were the groups not gender equal with numbers, the groups themselves were uneven and unmatched, making the conclusions of this study controversial. The results of testing cognitive function showed no distinct difference claiming that the tests’ results were not affected by insomnia. However it was noted that the insomniac group was found to be nervous, irritable, dull, light headed, and seemed to have loss of their motor control. One study did have conclusive results on the study of insomnia and they had the test subjects rest and tested them, then stay up for 62 hours and tested them. Then they allowed the subjects to rest and retested them again. The results on the test of accuracy while the subjects were getting limited sleep their results went down and it was noticed there was a massive decrease in mental efficiency. After regaining their sleep the subjects scores were said to have stayed the same for accuracy. According to the results the memory and speed seemed to be the functions affected

Maybe I don’t meet all the criteria - having been frozen in an iceberg for a hundred years, being a master of all four elements, or having a flying sky bison as a companion - but I’ve always felt a connection to Aang from the Nickelodeon series Avatar the Last Airbender, especially now.

The research article Poor sleep quality is associated with increased cortical atrophy in community-dwelling adults is a correlational study that concluded there was a correlation between longitudinal measures of cortical atrophy and lack of sleep quality. The hypothesis of the researchers was that atrophy within the orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex would be associated with poor sleep quality. These researchers also hypothesized that the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices may also be affected by poor sleep quality, which would reflect the many cognitive deficits that are brought about by lack of quality sleep.

Many disorders and diseases can result from abnormal sleeping patterns that are triggered from sleep deprivation. The most common forms of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy (NINDS 10). All of these sleep disorders begin from sleep deprivation and can be managed once they are diagnosed correctly. According to Urban, “Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness may occur”, as a result of sleep deprivation (1). This proves that the slightest health changes can occur if sleep deprivation becomes a problem. According to NINDS, “The disorders and the resulting sleep deprivation interfere with work, driving, and social activities” (10). This shows that the effects of being sleep deprived can drastically change one’s everyday

Lily’s sleeping pattern also changed as she aged. She is having a hard time sleeping when she is already in bed and wakes up very early. The day-night circadian rhythm diminishes with age. Older adults wake before dawn, take longer to fall asleep and frequently wake up during the night (Berger, Ageism Leading to Illness, pg. 502). It can be said that Lily’s variation in sleeping pattern is normal for her age. As the person reaches late adulthood, several changes in the body can be felt which sometimes can be disturbing.

In conclusion it is clear from Peggy's case she has been waking up with nightmares, which may have started before her presentation and examination and it affects her sleeping quality. The reasons behind her poor sleeping quality may possibly be associated with those bad dreams. Her nightmares reflect her study stress and since she usually woke up in the night, it deprived her deep sleeping stage. As a result, it might cause poor sleeping quality. The main effect of experiencing poor sleeping quality is it might influence her school performance. Fortunately, her poor sleeping quality could be resolved by tackling stress, formulating a regular sleep schedule and engaging in nondrug treatment.

The case here is about the aged care facility with the greater number of residents having irregular sleeping pattern and are awake during the night resulting in daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is causing lack of physical activity; disturbed eating pattern and the residents tend to sleep for a long period during the day. In this assignment I am going to do research about what could be the reason behind this issue with the help of evidence based information using different nursing literatures.