The Robert Gordon University | BSM 2530 Launching a New Venture | Are entrepreneurs born or made? |
ID: 1011838
2011-3-19
Word Count: 2,438 |
Introduction
The term entrepreneur is not a recent invention. It was first coined in the eighteenth century by Richard Cantillon, who identified the risk-bearing function of an entrepreneur (Jennings et al. 1994). According to Morrison (1999 p30), entrepreneurs can be regarded as “first among equals in the process of wealth creation”. Moreover, entrepreneurs are presented as economic heroes (Cannon 1991), who “combining the ability to innovate and challenge the established equilibrium of economy and society whilst in the process of recreating it” (Morrison 1999 p28).
There are two schools of
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Kuratko and Hodegetts (1998) put forward the argument that entrepreneurship is a discipline that can be taught and mastered like any others.
Whatever the exact ratios are it is clear that personality is now understood as having an inborn component and an environment component. In so far as the entrepreneur is a function of personality we would conclude that entrepreneurs are both born and made. Burns (2001) bring together the various factors which have been identified as contributory to entrepreneurial behaviour. He classifies them into four distinct groups, which are now described and illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Influences on owner-managers and entrepreneurs
This model proposes that entrepreneurs are, in fact, both born and made. Whilst they do have certain personal character traits that they may be born with, they are also shaped by their history and experience of life. This comprises their antecedent influences and the culture of the society they are brought up in. Some cultures encourage entrepreneurial activity. Others discourage it. What is more, the situations entrepreneurs find themselves in can influence the decision. According to Bolton (2000), situation triggers are ‘dynamic’ environmental factors, which provide the spark that lights the flame. This can be an introduction to something or somebody, a change of circumstances such as redundancy and so on. All these factors influence the decision,
Entrepreneurship is a term that has reentered the public vernacular over the last few years, many times in reference to what is wrong with America but what it means is rarely defined. Furthermore, it is generally agreed that more Entrepreneurship is a desirable trait but how to go about encouraging it is again a point of contention. This paper will address a specific facet of entrepreneurship and attempt to discover what are the key drivers to foster an entrepreneurial spirit from childhood.
Gerber argues that anyone can become an entrepreneur and create a successful company, a departure from the conventional wisdom on the question of whether entrepreneurs are born or made. Using a frame work he calls the "Dreaming Room," Gerber identifies four dimensions of the entrepreneurial personality and recommends a pathway to conceive of and develop a small business.with focused attention and the intention of actually achieving something and understanding the market, your core customers, securing capital, preparing financials—those kinds of elements? Every one of those
Entrepreneurs, individuals who come up with an plan in means of profit while knowing the risks that comes along. however, in adam smith time(1723-1790), the definition of an entrepreneur was different it was an “ individual purusing his or her own good to achieve the best good for all”. Those individuals led by the “invisible hand” would provide
This article talks about how it can be difficult to be an entrepreneur but it’s worth it. An entrepreneur is when one lives off their own business. Eades talks about how by starting your own business you can make a positive impact no matter the risk that exists of failing. The author mentions a few people that are well known that became very successful; for example, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Following their footsteps is very extreme; it can be a goal but it is something
Entrepreneurship is the activity of creating a new business or enterprise. It is an essential and significant action in the growing job market (Bednarzik, 2000). Entrepreneurship has become important to all the countries whether they developed or developing ones. It is a basis of economic growth and employment creation (Thurik, Carree, Van Stel, Audretsch, 2008). It involves opportunity recognition or creation, collecting resources to track the opportunity, and managing actions that bring a new venture into existence. Some ventures are complete start-ups, while other ventures are pursued within an existing organization (Enz and Harrison, 2010). Entrepreneurs accept the personal financial risks that drive with having their own business. On the other hand, entrepreneurs benefit directly from the
(3) Moreover, to obtain his information, a questionnaire was developed which included mixtures of scaled, dichotomous, multiple choice, open ended and rank-order questions. (3) Hisrich findings were divided into four areas; the demographic composition and background of the entrepreneurs, the nature of their business ventures, the skills, and personalities of the entrepreneurs as well as the problems confronted in starting and operating a new venture. (3) In the sample entrepreneurs were between the ages of thirty-five and forty-five; in which sixty percent were married and had children. (3) Forty-two percent were first-born children in their families, and the majority grew up in lower or middle class environments.
During 17th century, risk of entrepreneurship came into people’s mind. At that time, a person who had a constitutional agreement with government to supply desinated product or operate a service was regarded as an entrepreneur. Entrepreneur need to undertake all the profits or losses since the bargin price was established. A frenchman named John Law was a famous entrepreneur that time. He was granted to inaugurate a royal bank. However, the bank developed into a commerce firm ultimately, that was the Mississippi Company. Another guy named Richard Cantillion got the motive of legislation and evelved the early theories of entrepreneur which regard entrpreneurs as risk takers, running with risk by buying at a fixed price and betraying at an uncertain
The existing literature on entrepreneurship stems from economical conceptual frameworks developed in the early twentieth century by Schumpeter, Cole, Kirzner among others. Fayolle (2014) notes that entrepreneurship has gained considerable study
An entrepreneur is “a person who organizes and manages a business with considerable initiative and risk”. In other definitions an entrepreneur “identifies an opportunity or a gap in a market and evaluates the risk related to the establishment of the business and is prepared to take the associated risk to start the business in the quest for making profit; and has the ability to obtain the resources to establish and grow a business”. Entrepreneurship exceedingly relies on entrepreneurs to start-up, develop and produce companies across the use of their
Entrepreneurs are a very, or perhaps the most, important boost in our economy. They do not only take the risk for the sake of a business, but also they provide our economy with employment opportunities and culture. A society can only be prosperous only when it rewards and encourages entrepreneurial activity because in fact, it is the entrepreneurs and their activities that are the critical factor for success, prosperity, growth and opportunity in any given economy. Entrepreneurship is not easy and it comes with its own risks and up and downs. On the last decade, entrepreneurship has rose and expanded, with this change and constant expansion, it has changed the rules of entrepreneurship once again. But I certainly believe that
First, in the chapter six assessment we learned about managing small business startups. This “Do You Think Like an Entrepreneur?” assessment measures the likelihood of me becoming an entrepreneur. The self-assessment questions to some aspect of improvisation, which is a correlate of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial improvisation consists of three elements such as creativity, ingenuity, and the ability to produce novel solutions under constrained conditions. Successful entrepreneurs also have the ability to work well under pressure while also having action, persistence, and the determination to achieve goals and solve problems in the moment. Based on my personality, I would have assumed that I would was not fit to be entrepreneur because although, I am always
Entrepreneurship is difficult to define throughout its history research. Even nowadays, this concept is still a debatable point (Rajendra, et al., 2017). Based on four decades of research, Gartner (1988) concludes that entrepreneurs are founders of new firms. Shane and Venkataraman (2000) consider entrepreneurship as “a new venture’s risk-taking endeavor seeking an opportunity” and Fortunato (2014) adds innovative value into the concept of entrepreneurship. Thus, research on the definition of entrepreneurship continue. According to those diverse views, I will interpret six unique entrepreneurial characteristics and theoretically analyze each one. Risk taker, need for achievement and proactivity as my strengthens will be illustrated with my experience. Innovativeness, internal locus of control and tolerance for ambiguity are my weaknesses, thus I will describe relevant successful Entrepreneurs’ experiences.
When I was learning these behaviours, skills and attributes, one question that I asked from myself was, “Do I possess these characteristics?”. It made me to do a self-analysis. Accordingly, I stepped back to my past to discover my personal tendency to become an entrepreneur.
There has been extensive research conducted on the characteristics that successful entrepreneurs possess. These attributes vary widely across literature, however there are common key traits that are required to achieve any form of success. Frederick et al (2013) suggest entrepreneurs are risk takers, optimistic, have sound judgement and an ability to manage. While a review of literature relating to the psychology of an entrepreneur reveals a large variety of characteristics in a successful entrepreneur, these can be consolidated to a a few into only a few traits that are essential for a successful entrepreneur. Whilst taking into
With the increasing presence of globalisation and rapid emergence of new markets, entrepreneurship is becoming more prevalent. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), there is usually high Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) in countries like Australia, Canada and United States, whereas there is low TEA in Norway and United Kingdom . Generally, entrepreneurship can be defined as “a purposeful activity to initiate, maintain and develop a profit-orientated business” . However, for one to succeed as an entrepreneur, they must go beyond the ‘norm’ and differentiate themselves from other competing entrepreneurs; this may be achieved by embracing both social and ethnic diversity. Social diversity refers to the different factors that set individuals apart in a society like gender, age or religion, whereas ethnic diversity looks at different ethnic groups and cultures . This report will first look at how ethnic diversity contributes to the development of an entrepreneur, and the limitations to this using Hofstede’s framework. It will also look at social diversity and entrepreneurship, particularly focusing on gender. Finally, the report will conclude whether social and ethnic diversity may be beneficial to entrepreneurship and development in general overall.