Are Honeybees Effective Defense Against Disease?

Honey bees are in trouble, they’re are tons of bees that are dying scientists say that it is happening from a fungi or a virus and other stuff. However, another way from a parasite called the Phorid fly but then a person left these bee’s in a container to feed a praying mantis when he came back a week later all of the bees had died. When he saw inside the container he saw paupe flies then they soon turned into phorid flies. The flies can kill the bees because they lay eggs on the bees and when they hatch they are worms and they blind the bee when it is flying. Then soon the bee will die because when the flies have a chance then they hatch them in the abdomen and when they grow the bee loses its motion and vision and soon dies.

I am writing to inform you regarding a noteworthy issue that is concerning the world. One that expects you to take immediate action and prevent the consequences that would ultimately allow the bees to continue to suffer. Albeit little in size, honey bees and different pollinators are essential in the creation of sustenance for people and numerous animals. Around 33% of our crops desire pollination, that would diminish production without these crucial bees. (sos-bees.org) Of the whole U.S. farming industry, $29 billion originate from crops that require pollination. (cnn.com) Despite their undeniable significance, honey bee populaces have gotten little consideration and are discovering it progressively hard to survive.

The incidence rate of honey bee disapperance is progressively increasing within the environments in the United States. Similarly, the occurrence of this disorder has also been drastically increasing in several

For a long time, N. apis thought to be the only species that have the potential of causing Nosemosis in Europe. However, it has been found that N. ceranae fungus could cross the global bounders and affect European honey bees (Apis mellifera) which are intensively used for pollination. In fact, N. ceranae was first discovered in 1996 in Asian honey bee, Apis cerana from which it got its name. After that, the infection of European honey bees by N. ceranae was reported in 2005 in Taiwan. Moreover, the infection of this fungus appear in Europe, followed by United States, China, Vietnam and worldwide. Furthermore, it has been found that in Asian honeybees, the majority of Nosemosis infection caused by N.

We know that European honey bee is subject to diseases, parasites, and predators coming from Asia and Africa and it is unable to control it by itself. In these cases, the beekeeper developed a sort of symbiosis with the bees, taking some products and in return ensuring the survival of the colonies, controlling diseases, parasitic infestations, and providing nourishment during bad seasons where there is

The current downward trend in honeybee populations has been punctuated by wide occurrences of colony collapse disorder (CCD). This is not a new phenomenon; the first recorded incident occurred in 1869. Since that time, there have been occurrences of CCD in locations as diverse as Oregon, Australia, and Great Britain, to name a few. In instances of colony collapse disorder, the colony is almost completely absent of adult bees, and there are few if any

signs of disease, they can cause a variety of sub lethal effects and affect bee health,

Honey bees usually “swarm”, this means they split from an old hive that no longer suited the colonies needs and left in order to build a new one, swarming is ““a normal and healthy activity in the beehive” (Burns 8). The construction of a hive in the wild begins with the queen and a few worker bees who start out by forming the foundation, once the construction is complete almost immediately the queen bee begins to reproduce. I have visited a honey bee farm and had the opportunity of learning about the process of how a honey bee matures as well as getting to watch a few honey bees reach their maturity and join the hive. When the bees are larvae they are cared for as well as fed by young worker bees, when the larvae begin to develop the young worker bees no longer feed them, instead they put wax all over them and when the larvae are matured enough they will essentially “chew through the wax and join the hive” (Burns 7), which is something I had the opportunity of personally witnessing during my

An empty hive will result in completely ruining that certain colony since there is no team work to be done within it. Because of different types of pesticides in honey bee farms, more bee hives are damaged and lost due to effects of these chemicals. Synthetic products that once was believed to only kill viruses and result in healthier and more producing bees, are acting completely opposite.
There are however, diseases and microscopic parasites that can get into the bodies of this type of insects and kill them over time and use the resources of their bodies. “New or emerging diseases such as Israeli Acute Paralysis virus and the gut parasite Nosema” (1). Nosema parasite for example can be a serious threat during colder times of the year specially if colonies are foraging on non nutritious pollen at the same time. But by feeding anti fungal medication such as Fumagilin-B®, to the bees it can be very successful for controlling the problems and keeping the group of insects healthy.
But how come using pesticides in this way is going to be a benefit rather than killing the bees? I believe that here we can find a perfect example of fine line between using these kinds chemicals.
Same as Fumagilin-B, Neonicotinoids are insecticides that gained a popularity by protecting the plants and bees from different types of bugs and parasites. This type of chemical was praised mainly for its water solubility to be used in soil for plants and also for their low-toxicity to many beneficial insects, including honey bees. However, this claim has been recently come into question (2).
This new class of insecticides is chemically related to nicotine as you can probably tell by the way it has been named after. Although nicotine is non toxic to mammals, birds, and plants, they are much more toxic to invertebrates such as insects.
When explaining something toxic, probably the

After the hive settled from being removed from their former home an additional hive (honey super) was stacked on top of the brood chamber, this is where the frames used for honey storage are placed. Of the ten frames only two were used for the experiment. One frame contains an artificial plastic foundation that the bees build on top of; the second frame contains an organic wax foundation that requires more resources and energy to render the frame useful. From then on we periodically checked the hive on the first week of every month for the next four months.

While often only appreciated for their honey, honeybees are responsible for pollinating about one-third of the food that the human population consumes. Bees provide us with fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, coffee, and so much more. This is why the depletion of the bee population beginning in 2006 was, and as it continues, so concerning. The term “Colony Collapse Disorder” refers to a phenomenon in which worker bees vanish from the hive, leaving the queen and larvae unattended, and thus the bee colony ceases to function and collapses. This is happening throughout the United States at an alarming rate, and while one distinct cause for CCD has yet to be found, scientists have narrowed it down to a few possible reasons.

The other problem is the impact of bee disease in growing health bee population. Honey bee diseases and bees is a serious threat to growing healthy populations of bees. Like the other animals, the application of intensive farming methods, global movements and increase in bee diseases has done a lot to diminish the population of bees. Bees are especially susceptible to the Varroa mite. This minute external parasite that plagues honey bees was discovered in 1904. It attacks by attaching itself on the bees, before sucking their blood. The after effect leaves the bees weaker and this significantly reduces their population. Besides the bees, the other pollinators are also facing many of the challenges the bees are facing. The only factor that makes the bees stand out is the fact that bees are the most important pollinator for most crop species around the world, especially those used by humans and animals.

The most significant factors affecting pollinator are related to diseases and parasites, and the wider industrial agricultural practices that affect many aspects of a bee’s life cycle.

apis varies between different strains (Lee et al., 2013). Hence, it is essential to better understand differences in the pathogenicity of wild and mutant strains in order to comprehend their functional implications. Several pathogenicity studies have been conducted by using artificial methods, such as spore inoculation and in vitro larval rearing techniques (Spivak and Gilliam, 1993; Flores et al., 2004). To understand the infectivity of engineered pathogens in honeybees, this study isolated viable A. apis protoplasts for transformation, investigated REMI-based successful and stable mutant construction and evaluated the pathogenicity of A. apis mutants in honeybees. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms that govern A. apis–host interactions are of primary importance to combat chalkbrood disease. One approach to understand the networks and processes that allows the fungus to become pathogenic and colonize a honeybee larva is to identify the genes that control its disease-causing ability. Identification of genes that control pathogenicity or virulence may suggest targets for alternative control methods for this fungus. By understanding which pathways, proteins, and genes are key components of the pathogenic process, targets in the fungus can be identified for chemical control (fungicides or antifungal drugs) or targets in the honeybee can be modified to reduce their susceptibility to the pathogen, e.g., through the use of

Though the parasite is minimal and has not yet greatly affect farms, we still need to find out where the parasites came from and how to stop it from affecting the population of bees or other insects. In some cases the parasites can control the insect through mimicking the host hormones and affecting how the insect decides to operate it's daily life."..Anthony Cantrell...who took up beekeeping as a hobby less than a year ago, noticed some dead bees outside his home. Later, he came across ZomBeeWatch.org, a website run by Hafernik and his colleagues, and realized some of his bees might have become infested."Many People concerned about this have started to set up pages where scientist like Hafernik can track where the parasite infection is happening. Its not just the bees that are suffering this ants have also started to exhibit their zombie like