Are Men And Women Really Different?

Karen Horney would give a lecture titled The Distrust Between the Sexes. This is basically about how men and women are different. She gives many reasons as to how they are, but the top ones are physically, hostility, emotionally, with attitude, intellectually, and with childhood conflicts. She was born in 1885 and died in 1952. Suzanne Raitt writes, “In 1922, at a panel over which Sigmund Freud presided during a meeting of the Psychoanalytic Congress, a young Berlin-trained psychoanalyst delivered a paper that began one of the fiercest and longest debates in psychoanalytic theory. The analyst--the first woman ever to deliver a paper on feminine psychology at an international psychoanalytic meeting--was Karen Horney, and the paper, "On the Genesis of the Castration Complex in Women," was her famous response to the claim of her own psychoanalyst, Karl Abraham, that all women unconsciously envy the penis and want to be men. As she gave her paper, Horney was nervous but respectful. She carefully acknowledged the extraordinary significance of Freud 's work before going on to deliver a searing analysis of the masculinist bias of most of his theories on women. This challenge to Freudian psychoanalytic theory set the tone for Horney 's subsequent career.”Karen Horney’s The Distrust Between the Sexes identifies three

Personality is a concept that will continue to studied and improved upon. Theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Anna Freud, and Heinz Hartmann and several others have contributed significant ideas to the study of personality and have had impacts on our current approaches. The purpose of this paper is to compare two sources of the motivations concerning why people behave the way they do. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach will be discussed and compared to the approach of neo-analyst Karen Horney. Karen Horney claimed that psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflicts and she offered a uniquely feminist perspective for her time that disputed the Freudian theory of penis envy.

Freudian theory in the same way also creates a great conflict between mother and daughter. While the mother-son relationship allows the mother to reach fulfillment by giving birth to a son to on whom she can project her ambitions, the mother-daughter relationship never reaches a resolve. Freud states that tensions start with a denial of love when the mother chooses to stop breast feeding the daughter. These tensions grow further when the daughter gains an understanding of genital dominance and holds hostility for the mother because she denied her a penis. This changes her father into her object of love and her mother into her greatest rival. Freud pits the women as rivals, which undermines the mother-daughter relationship and leaves the feminine bond completely fractured.

In the middle of Horney's paper she gets into the traits of male psychology. She gives many examples of how men hold women in high esteem, but writes that they have a secret distrust of women. One of Horney's best examples would have to be the story of Adam and Eve. The story devalues women's ability to give birth, and makes them seem to be sexual temptresses. It is the sexually attractive female that man is afraid of. Women are considered to be deeply rooted in their emotions. This is often men's excuse for

Karen Horney is one of the preeminent figures and founders of modern psychoanalysis. Although her ideas are not widely taught today or accepted as a basis of psychoanalysis in and of themselves, her ideas of social and environmental influences are “integrated into modern psychoanalysis therapies and personality development theory” (Quinn). She was a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and was one of his early followers. Yet Horney joined the class of neo-Freudians after her research and writing led her to develop and establish psychoanalytical theories that ran counter to Freud's ideas. She objected to the Freudian psychology of women, which instigated the search for her own theories for the causes of neurosis. This in turn led to her

In "The Distrust Between the Sexes," influential psychoanalytic thinker, Karen Horney explains how a person's psychological history can cause distrust between a male and female. One very central problem she discusses is the topic of expectations. She explains that communication, childhood affects, and longings for happiness are three main aspects that lead up to expectations. Each being very significant pieces, she goes into depth about how they play a big part in the problems between the sexes. Expectations are very essential in the issues that come about between the sexes and as Horney discusses, to understand the problem, you must first understand the background.

Women have struggled to have their experiences recognized as valid within disciplinary Psychology. Identify and discuss several contributions made by women in Psychology to the study of sex and gender in the 20th century.

The Perception of People Initially, I thought that this piece would be about a man or a woman who struggled to find their sexual orientation, however, I soon found it to be so much more. This reminded me of an article that I read recently that recalled the the story told by the rapper, Macklemore, that explained how he thought he would be gay merely on the account that we was able to draw. The article infers that his song, “Same Love” was a reflection of these thoughts. However, let us not stray from the topic at hand.

This research paper will compare and contrast two of the most influencial psychologists who helped shape the way we understand the development of the human mind; Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. The paper will focus on the similarities and differences between Freud’s Psycho-sexual theory, and Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Freud was one of the very first influencial psychologists who changed the way we study humans. Erikson recognized Freud’s contributions, and although he felt Freud misjudged some important dimensions of human development, he was still influenced by Freud, which caused some similarities in their theories.

In her text Passionate Men, Emotional Women: Psychology Constructs Gender Difference in the 19th Century, historian Stephanie A. Shields delineates the ways in which the Western modern project required in its logic of construction a need to create and reproduce an epistemological, discursive, and pseudo-scientific dichotomous relationship between the genders. Specifically, Shields emphasizes the ways in which a certain dogmatic praxis of evolutionary theory, in juxtaposition with social science, worked to produces a science of psychology that in turn generated a hierarchical understanding of gender relations, premised on the politics of emotions and the mind/body divide.

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), was an influential Austrian psychologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud went on to produce several theories, such as his theory on psychosexual development, which will be the focus of this assignment. Using the case study of a six-year-old patient, I will discuss the key principles of Freud’s theory on psychosexual development. Including, comprehensive definitions of the concepts used, and the stages of Freud’s psychosexual development. Lastly using Freud’s theory, I will explain how the patient’s current behaviour, could impact her behaviour in adulthood.

It feels as though most of the time when thinking about psychology and the great contributions that have been made to it, that most of them have been from men, but along the way there have been several influential women that have contributed to the field of psychology as well. Just like men, there were several women who were pioneers, theorists, and counselors; many of these women have contributed to the field of psychology in their own special between the years of 1850 and 1950. Of all these amazing women who are pioneers, theorists, and counselors, the one who stands out the most is Anna Freud. This paper will go on to explain Anna Freud’s

Nonetheless, the idea of penis envy becomes extremely important when examining Freud’s view on women for several reasons. Freud based the majority of his work on female sexual and personality development around penis envy, and Freud held the view that considered penis envy as natural and universal in all women (Slipp 16). According to Freud, the realization by the little girl that they had no penis was the defining moment in the realization of a female’s sexual identity. In The Feminist Legacy of Karen Horney, Marcia Westkott comments: “In sum, the Freudian concept of penis envy explains all one needs to understand of female behavior” (53). Freud

More specifically, Freud traces the roots of all adult behaviors back to childhood impulses and showed how conflicts related to the development of sexuality in childhood subsequently results in psychopathology or neuroses. (Good & Beitman)

Although some people believe that the sex role theory or the socialization model of gender as a process, in which we absorb instructions prescribed by the social institutions to act in the acceptable way to our biological sex, is a trivial issue, it is in fact crucial in terms of today’s concern over the gender formation. This significance is accurately noticed by Raewyn Connell, a renown sociologist who proclaimed her views in the essay “Gender in Personal Life” published in Gender: in World Perspective. In her work, the author reveals the flaws of the socialization model, states that psychoanalysis provides a moderately better clarification for the contradictory character of human development and offers a solution that people should actively learn through the dynamic character of gender formation. According to Connell, therefore, the definition of how we acquire gender should not be represented by the socialization model of gender but rather through the emotional contradiction as a part of psychoanalysis and, more importantly, thorough the active and dynamic character of gender formation.