Argentina 's Neutrality During World War II : A Complicated Decision

Sin embargo, a raíz de la crisis económica que sufrió Argentina a finales del 2001. Pecom vio reducidas sus posibilidades de seguir creciendo con la misma dimensión en la que venía operando.

The Argentine Process Of National Reorganization, more commonly known as the “Dirty War,” was a period from roughly 1974 to 1983 when the president was deposed and the entire government was taken control of by the military. This decade of civil destruction, turmoil, and human rights violations was part of the military’s plan to rid the country of the radical left and communist subversion. The junta spoke of a “New Argentina,” one full of prosperity for all its citizens, order and no longer chaos, they preached they would bring back Argentina’s glory days. For all this talk of an Argentina that would be once again a world power, no one knew of the atrocities the military would commit in the process. They did not think of the innocent lives

In Argentina, under the dictatorship of Jorge Rafael Videla, the country experienced many disappearances in the 1970s (Gardner). This was considered the Dirty War of Argentina which was a seven year war between the Argentine government and political dissidents in Argentina ("Military."). Over 30,000 Argentines, mostly innocent people, disappeared, many of which were children aged 18 years or younger. Many families lost their children and loved ones. It seriously affected all of Argentina, making a dent in their population (Goldman).

To begin in all the texts, it is agreed that before the war began there was a huge international economic depression which hurt mostly the Latin American nations. One perspective on Latin America saw a low in foreign investments before the onset of war due to their monoculture and lack of internal development and depending on foreign investment (Clements). This makes them very sensitive to economic changes like the one just before the world war. In contrast, some saw Latin America as a rapidly growing region, with increases in European migrants (especially German) bring stronger industries and more investments (Oxford). In addition, according to these historians, the more aggressive economic changes brought by the German can be interpreted as an “economic imperialism” lead by the German Kiser’s wanting an “empire under the sun” (Oxford). During the onset of the war, many nations saw a cut off imports and exports due to tariffs, blockades, and U-boat patrols (Clements). In Peru, there was a food shortage within the first few weeks of the war in Europe, which caused internal strife and tension, putting blame on the native/migrated German population (Clements). In Brazil, German U-boats severely impeded on their exports and when they finally destroyed the key export ships Rio Branco, Paraná, and Macau, the Brazilians declared war on the Central Powers (Clements). On the brighter side, many nations like Argentina, Mexico, and Peru saw increases in nitrate, metal, beef, and oil exports, which helped fund internal development (funding domestic industries), but helped little for their future development (Clements). Moving north, in the United States, Americans saw strong anti-German propaganda, but also an initial want for neutrality. Many Americans wanted neutrality because, one, their large immigrant population opposed such actions, two, the U.S. was

The independence, nation building, and the economy were three major settings during Latin America in the 1820’s. During this time Latin America was faced with the chance of change. Traditional Monarchical structure was merged into the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires. The way that theses territories responded to change was distinctive to the region.

Argentina made a tremendous transition to democracy from what was known as one of the most sinister periods of Latin American history. Some 10 000 people “disappeared” and human rights laws were almost non – existent during the Dirty War. In Brazil, the switch to democracy was not as abrupt and does not represent the end from the military government. For the country to be democratic and have significant changes in their society, the need for more open political competition and greater participation is essential. Something they fail to do because they don’t encourage participation in the governmental policy. Also, the installation of socialist policies has assured neither the unification nor the development of democracy. Despite several apprehensive

In 1933, Cuba had a revolution, caused by the strikes aforementioned (“Timetable History of Cuba”). When the revolution starts soldiers do not get paid or promoted, making soldiers mad, so the government does not get further in debt ("The Economic History and Economy of Cuba"). Civil war also had broken out in Spain the same year (“Timetable History of Cuba”). Spain was a huge part of the Cuban economy (“Timetable History of Cuba”). World War II had also just started and pulled in another big part of the Cuban economy, the United States ("The Economic History and Economy of Cuba").

Throughout the years of 1976 and 1983, thousands of unexplained disappearances littered the Argentina population under military rule. Although many people are not interested in an event such as The Dirty War and it will go unnoticed by most; this event effected the livelihood of the country. The complete reconstruction of the government known to the Argentina people was destroyed in the matter of hours as a military junta seized power. This became known as the Dirty War, and it would go on to shape the history and leave a permanent mark on the families involved.

world war two? The evidence and arguments considered has led me to the conclusion that the

This model effectively benefitted the Chilean economy, it allowed the purchases of imported consumer goods, established multinational corporation in the country, and modernized agriculture. Pinochet showed major improvement in the Chilean economy in his first few years, allowing Chile to be in a position it has never been in before, the top economic country in South America during this time. Economic reforms implemented during this time would carry-on for years even through economic struggles and Pinochet’s departure (Oppenheim, 1999). Pinochet helped Chile get out of an economic gutter it was in for decades, this economic success allowed Pinochet to maintain his control of Chile for years to

While some places in Latin America like Nicaragua, Bolivia, and El Salvador were experiencing peace and prosperity. Also rivalries between other nations ended, for example the dispute between Argentina and Brazil put an end to their rivalry which ended the nuclear threats and the regional arms race. While the select amount of countries were stabilizing themselves, the majority of places were economically failing. “The fact that we can see the problems in their proper perspective rather than through a mask of anti-Communism or pro-Communism is the beginning of the resolution of those problems on their real terms," Novelist Carlos Fuentes explained. During this time, people were starting to realize trade barriers were collapsing very rapidly

Perón set out to make Argentina the military and financial power of Latin America. This was a tough task though since Perón had many oppositions. Perón used censorship and other violations of

Although democratic, they struggle to sustain this. Their nation survived on them being a major exporter of grain and beef. An army officer, Juan Perón, won office and made himself dictator. His wife ever supported and even help him through his years of dictatorship. Their nation consisted of limited freedom's but also had social programs with much popular appeal. Eva's death made Juan’s favor in the community drop harshly. The military even drove him into exile in 1955. The military took over after his exile, but Peron, came back and ruled for one year but then died. The mid-1970s left Argentina a wreck. The military once again stepped in and became the leader of the country. Torture and murder became punishments that would be handed out like playing cards. Thousands upon thousands of Argentinians died under this rule. After their defeat of the Falkland islands with Britain, Raul Alfonsin Became the new president. He wanted democracy within Argentina and also wanted to create a powerful economy. his successor attempted to do the same. The 1990s, however served many issues that would intensify in the early

Prior to becoming a democratic country, Argentina was exposed to a military dictatorship. Under this regime the Economy Minister was Jose Alfredo Martinez de Hoz whose neoliberal economic platform sided along to anti-labor, monetarist policies and financial liberalization. As a result of this regime, Argentina accumulated a $45 billion foreign debt. As a result interest rates exceeded trade surpluses, unemployment increased and there were high inflation rates. In 1985 a democracy was reestablished once President Raul Alfonsin was elected. Alfonsin’s government intended to stabilize the economy by establishing the austral, a new currency. However, this was unsuccessful because the government couldn’t continue to fund its debts. The cost of utility increased significantly as real wages fell by almost half. As a result uncertainty increased across the country, inflation increased from 200% a year in 1988 to 5,000% in 1989 (Brooke).

In 1900, Argentina was one of the richest countries in the world, but then by 1950 an income gap started to form as the U.S. and Europe’s incomes caught up and passed Argentina. Then the Latin American debt crisis struck in the 1980’s along with the Lost Decade of the 1980s and Argentina’s GDP fell 7 percent while at the same time inflation skyrocketed by more than 3,000 percent. Several experiments were performed with no clear success until they fixed their currency to the U.S. dollar at 1:1 and restricted the printing of money. In 1990, Argentina created a currency board to enforce rules and monitor exchange rates which was successful through 1998 until an economic crisis in East Asia caused Brazil to devalue its currency placing Argentina firms at a disadvantage leading to a negative current account balance in Argentina of 4 percent of the GDP leading to a 1999 recession.