Argument: In this section I will outline the argument of The Problem of Change to curate understanding of the argument in the reader before proceeding to offer up a solution to the problem in the following section. The Problem of Change is a simple argument that relies on Leibniz’s Law or the Principle of the Indiscernibility of Identicals to emphasize the philosophical problem with even the simplest of change. Simply put by Peter Forrest in his essay in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Leibniz’s Law “states that no two distinct things exactly resemble each other… and is typically understood to mean that no two objects have exactly the same properties.” For example, if an object has even one property different to that of another object, …show more content…
Perdurantism generates one solution to the Problem of Change by demonstrating how an object can remain identical to itself regardless of the validity of the Problem of Change argument. The first two premises of the Problem of Change ignore Perdurantism, defining the man at t1 and t2 as two different presentations of the whole man. With this logic it is easy to recognize the change and use Leibniz’s Law to imply that there is a problem; however, Perdurantism solves problem and allows that the man can persist throughout time identical to himself by presenting the man, not as his whole self at t1 and again at t2, but by presenting the man at t1 and t2 as two separate temporal parts. With a Perdurantist view, the change between the man at t1 and t2 would be a change between temporal parts, rather than a change between two wholly present objects/persons- Perdurantism solves the Problem of Change because the man does not change from t1 to t2, his temporal parts do, but the summation of temporal parts that forms the whole man remains the exact same. Regardless of the changes that happen from temporal part to temporal part, the entire object remains the same. The third and fourth premises also ignore Perdurantism in assuming that the man at t1 and t2 are two separate iterations of the man rather than two separate temporal parts. The conclusion makes the same mistakes as its premises and although the logic of this argument works, its ignorance of Perdurantist theory is the only factor that allows it to suggest that there is a problem with change. The argument is completely valid, but Perdurantism offers up a solution to the dilemma in which an object does not remain identical to itself. Perdurantism undermines each premise by more clearly defining the man at t1 and t2 as temporal parts in an unchanging
Into the Wild written by Jon Krakauer illustrates the life and death of Christopher McCandless, and his search for the true meaning in life. McCandless’ family was well-off and he graduated from Emory University with honors. Everything in McCandless’ life came easy, and because of this he wished to find what it meant to work for something. Through his perilous journey across the United States, McCandless found a way to inspire others everywhere he went. His independent and carefree mindset inspired other adventure seekers. Because McCandless desired to push the status-quo, he trades material wealth in order to find the richness in life.
In the 16-century on November 1519, Cortes and his men arrived in Tenochtitlan. Hernan Cortés and his army came to South America (Tenochtitlan) to claim new land for Spain. The Aztecs are Native American people who took over Northern Mexico at the tome of the Spanish conquest, early 16th century. The Aztecs had a nomadic culture and eventually settled on many small islands in Lake Texcoco in 1325 where they founded the town known as Tenochtitlan, which is now a modern day Mexico City. The Aztecs created an empire between the 15th century that was soon surpassed in size in the Americas only by that of the Incas.
Imagine a student-athlete gets accepted to Greenville University with a 3.5 grade point average and 30 on the ACT. The student is planning on playing soccer and has worked incredibly hard in the classroom and on the field to make this dream happen. However, the school can only offer 5,000 dollars per year in scholarships because they must offer the same 5,000 dollars to the student athlete who got a 2.0 grade point average and 16 ACT. Does this sound fair? Fair or not, this is the definition of equality. Greenville University operates on the idea of equity. Greenville University is focused on making it possible for every student to attend the university, no matter their grades, ethnicity, parent’s income or any other obstacle that may arise.
Many times I find myself sitting and wondering whether I am fully free or not. I wake up every single morning and do the same routine, which is eat breakfast, go to class or work, do homework, go to the gym, shower, and then go to bed. Does this truly mean I am free? There are a lot of questions that you can ask yourself while following a routine. Is this really the path I should have taken? Were my choices determined by external factors? Determinism is the thesis that an any instant there is only one physically possible future. Robert Blatchford and Walter Terence Stace, two philosophers, both agree that determinism is true, although they have two different views on whether this means that people are free or not. Blatchford believes that everything is predestined. Stace on the other hand, believes that a person chooses what they do because of free will. In this essay I am going to discuss both of the philosophers’ views more in depth and why I favor Stace’s view over Blatchford’s.
In a series of relatively simple though complexly-worded (out of necessity) thought experiments regarding body-swapping and changes to memory and the mind, Bernard Williams attempts to demonstrate that identity should be identified with the body rather than with the mind when identity is extended into the future (and by extension during the present). That is, though it is typical for identity to be associated with the mind at any given moment, Williams argues that the logic that supports this intuitive association does not hold up over longer periods of time, and that anticipation of the future leads to an association of identity with the body rather than with the mind. Whether or not Williams is successful in this attempt is a matter of much debate, with this author finding some fundamental flaws in the very premise of the comparisons and thus the conclusions, however the argument is fairly elegant and persuasive and certainly worth of closer inspection. A careful reading of the argument might lead one to a conclusion opposite to that which was intended, but is no less rewarding for this unusual quirk.
Though Changez was honored that America gifted him with an American identity, the allusion to Plato reveals the insidious formation of an American identity infected with Americancentrism, which is the ethnocentric practice of perceiving the world from a singular perspective because of one’s belief in America’s superiority (“Ethnocentrism, Basic Concepts of Sociology Guide”). Regarding his Princeton days, Changez’s reflection echoes the sentiment of Americancentrism when he says, “I have access to a beautiful campus, I thought, to professors who are titans in their field and fellow students who are philosopher-kings in the making” (Hamid 3). In referring to his peers as philosopher-kings, Changez indicates his knowledge of Plato’s concept of
Leibniz’s law of identity states that mental and physical states are not identical, and cannot be the same entity because they do not share the same traits. The notion of sameness(considered Leibniz’s law) serves to present a case where if A equals B, then A and B share all the same properties. Even
This analogy of altering
Have you ever been so desperate that you were willing to give up? Alfred is seventeen year old boy who dropped out from high school. Alfred works at a grocery store and hangs out with street kids. Alfred begins to realize that he needs to do something he decided that he will be a Contender. He goes to Donatelli's gym to start his training. Donatelli is a very important person to Alfred throughout the story. He also gets good advice from him and learns a good important lesson.
The notion of time is used as the basis for the argument in 'To his
And could stab you with a knife - Personification Change is Receiving a text Not knowing what's going to happen next Change knows exactly what's in store Although she sometimes takes a detour Change is The way “I have a dream” Influenced our visions Yet sometimes it takes A bullet to the head To prevent millions from being dead In order to make a change Change is Drake starting from the bottom Now he's here
t some point every person will face a situation where they must choose between telling
This view was in dialectical opposition to Heraclitus of Ephesus, who argued that the world is in a constant state of flux. Heraclitus argues that there is a problem with people’s attachment to the illusion of permanence. Everything in the world will not stay the same, we can see this from the idea from Heraclitus that ‘it is not possible to step twice into the same river, according to Heraclitus, nor to touch mortal substance twice in any condition’ (Plutarch, 392B). Rivers are bodies of water that continually flows so that every second the water at a point in the river is not the same as it was before. The state of the physical world has never remained the same; mountains move over millions of years, a few billion years ago Earth could not sustain life, and even longer ago there were no solids, no liquids, only gases. Each moment can be said to die and be reborn in the next, so that change occurs every moment and it
A: In comparison to Heraclitus theory of constant change in the universe Parmenides thought that there was no change only permanence. He believes that reality was changeless and that the
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