Tati Chermayeff
September 17, 2015
Chapter 2 - Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos
Introduction
a. Very powerful tool - influencing what people think and believe
b. Used for good or evil
i. Ex: Civil rights movement → reason and passion
Understanding how emotional arguments work
a. Words, images, and sounds arouse emotion
i. Knowing target audience is key ii. Ex:
1. Winston Churchill sought to raise spirits and strengthen resolve: “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air…”
b. Arguments of the heart more useful in persuasion than in argument
i. Argument (discover a truth)→ conviction
i. Agreeing that charity is noble ii. Persuasion (know a truth) → action
i. Motivating audience to actually donate
Using Emotions to Build Bridges
a. Emotion is useful in connecting with audience
i. Especially when subject matter is sensitive
b. Before they’ll trust you, they’ll want assurance that you understand the issue in depth
i. Apple founder Steve Jobs: fired from his own company→ freedom ii. Michael Pollan: describing a good steak before discussing animal rights
1. Both share personal experiences to connect with audience
Using Emotions to Sustain Arguments
a. Images and photographs are powerful tools in making logical arguments stronger
i. Issues such as: such as racism, date rape, abortion, and gun control
1. Provoke strong feelings and
For my Rhetorical Analysis I choose to use an advertisement that uses Ethos and Pathos to influence the intended audience. Ethos persuades audiences through celebrity endorsement. They find very intriguing celebrities that they think the particular audience would enjoy seeing. Pathos uses emotion to grab the viewers' attention. With this advertisement they use humor. In an advertisement like this, combining a funny sketch and beloved actors I'm sure Snickers received a great outcome.
Following the collapse of France during World War II, the conditions the Allied powers faced became bleaker by the day. The United Kingdom was standing alone in the face of Germany, and under Hitler’s reign, the German “blitzkrieg” or “lightning war,” a tactic involving bombardment, tanks, and ground troops in quick offense proved too much for many countries. Winston Churchill would be the one to place hope in the hearts of the British people, delivering his “Their Finest Hour” speech on the 18th of June, 1940. Churchill utilized persuasive rhetoric whilst appealing to the people's logic and emotions, to raise morale and spirit in the United Kingdom to fight.
I am no longer fighting for myself, but for my nation and for my fallen comrades whose death must not be in vain.
On May 12, 1962, General Douglas MacArthur addressed the cadets at the West Point Military Academy in his speech Duty, Honor, Country, during the reception for the Sylvanus Thayer Award. This award is given to an “…outstanding citizen of the United States whose service and accomplishments in the national interest exemplify personal devotion to the ideals expressed in the West Point motto, duty, honor, country.” As the one receiving this prestigious award, General MacArthur truly exemplified these values as he had acquired the rank of General of the Armed Forces while serving in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. Within the speech Duty, Honor, Country, MacArthur utilizes logos, pathos, and ethos in order to appeal to the cadets
In the first weeks of ENGL 1301, we have discussed the usage and importance of understanding rhetorical skills. Ethos, logos and pathos appeals are useful in many situations in life, but it was until I understood them completely and managed to use them wisely that I realized they helped me to enter a discourse community. In order to be accepted into a community, a person must be able to learn how the community works and must be able to commit to it. Everyone joins a discourse community in a point in their lives so it’s really important to master and acknowledge ethos, logos and pathos appeals. In this essay, I will prove that I entered the discourse community of swimming by gaining knowledge, establishing credibility and understating the rest
In Winston Churchill’s speech, ‘We Shall Fight On the Beaches’ he presents a powerful call to action directly to the British House of Commons in the year of 1940 on the forth of June. Winston uses the techniques of figurative language to capture his audience’s attention in a way they could understand the importance of his message, without disregarding his high level of intellect. In order for one to truly understand Churchill’s message one must understand the difficult task he was coined with prior to delivering this powerful message.
Ethos, Pathos, Logos, The base of most arguments that we have. In Everything's an Argument authors Andrea Lunsford, John Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters inform the audience of how there is a relationship between ethos, pathos, logos and the writer,
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) is one of the most influential presidents in history of the United States. In FDR’s 1941 speech, “On the War with Japan,” he discusses the necessity of going to war in Europe and what it means for America’s future. His leadership skills in combination with his speech causes society to go from an isolationist policy to being motivated to enter and win the war. Through the use of rhetoric, FDR is able to captivate the listeners and encourage them to actively participate in the war. Not only does he play on the emotions of the audience, he also appeals to their sense of patriotism and logic in order to persuade them to get involved in World War II.
In this article titled “Analyzing Arguments: Those You Read and Those You Write” goes over multiple strategies and examples to help you analyze the meaning and purpose of a specific argument and how to strengthen your own.
To wrap up an idea/ give final thoughts and explain the reason for the essay
It is a speech that has a material presence in the modern day where leaders like John F. Kennedy among others have quoted it urging their countrymen to overcome challenges and soldier ahead despite the prevailing circumstances. A lot of inspiration has been drawn from the speeches made by Henry V.
Winston Churchill’s headstrong resiliency in the face of danger defined his career as a war leader. Former Prime Minister David Cameron states,” He was an incredible leader for our country, and indeed for the whole free world, at an impossibly difficult time.” (1). Five months before his inauguration, Churchill gave his speech “House of Many Mansions” wherein he urged the then Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and other world
By volunteering to fight in the greatest military in the world, we as leaders, have made the conscience decision to help build a unified ground force that is capable of working
Many people and organizations use writing and visual methods to persuade readers to their view. In such pieces, the author will use many different tricks and appeals in order to draw the reader to his or her train of thought. According to Andrea Lunsford in her instructional book The Everyday Writer, these appeals can be broken down into three main types – logical, emotional and ethical. A logical argument uses facts, statistics and surveys to back up what the author is saying and is commonly referred to as logos. An ethical argument is one that tries to build up the authors characters and prove to the reader that the author is qualified to give his or her views on the topic at hand. Ethical arguments are commonly called ethos. Finally,
Winston Churchill’s speech “The Few” is one worthy as any of admiration. In this speech Churchill addresses the contrast between the brutality of World War One and World War Two. He speaks of how despite the lessening of bloodshed, much of Europe has lost more than they had in “The Great War”. However, he follows this disheartening reality, with another hope inspiring reality. Churchill reminds all of the audience of England’s upper hand of the sea, her allie America, and her inevitable victory. He then guarantees people’s hopes by reminding them of the vicious air battles which they have not only been fighting, but winning. The admiration for the fighter pilots is one felt by the whole of the country, this is so evident that Churchill himself states, “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” A remarkable quote, holding more meaning than that of the words alone.