Aromatic Compounds : Chemical Compounds

Part 1: Esters aromas are very distinct and often pleasant, they are often used in food aroma and fragrances.1 Esters chemical properties are distinguished by their low molecular weight and low boiling points, caused by their dipole-dipole and dispersion interaction.2 Esters are the result of a condensation reaction, in which a carboxylic acid, an alcohol, and an acid catalyst react to create a water molecule and an ester.

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

Esters have small molecular weight and most known for their pleasant aroma. Similar to the unique emission spectrum for different chemical element, different esters release a distinct

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the relative reactivities of different types of hydrogen atoms toward bromine atoms. Although the tested compounds were all arenes, their reactivities differ as they contain different types of hydrogens. The hydrogens could be of three different types and could also differ in being bonded to carbons that are attached to a different number of other carbons. The three different types of hydrogens that could be found were aromatic, aliphatic, and benzylic. The first category is aromatic hydrogens, which are attached to sp2 carbons or are those directly bonded to an aromatic ring. Aromatic hydrogens are the least reactive of the hydrogens in this experiment. The second type of hydrogen being investigated is aliphatic hydrogens, which are found bonded to an SP3 hybridized carbon which are bonded to another SP3 hybridized carbon. Aliphatic hydrogens can also be broken down into further categories according to their number of substituents into primary (less reactive), secondary (more reactive), and tertiary (most reactive). The third type of hydrogens are benzylic hydrogens, which are bonded to a SP3 hybridized carbon that is bonded to a benzene ring. Benzylic hydrogens are also broken into primary and secondary categories according to their substituents, and are all more reactive than aliphatic and aromatic hydrogens.

During this investigation the question we looked to answer was: what are the identities of the unknown compounds? In an effort to answer the question, our group designed a method in which the relationships between the unknown compounds in plastic bags were compared so that their identities could be determined. The mole (mol) provides a measure of the number of atoms present in the sample of a compound. One mole of an element or compound contains

Absorptions in the region of 1450 to 1600 cm-1 often designate an aromatic ring and when consulting the C-H region we can confirm its aromatic since the peak is to the left of the 3000 cm-1.

Through this experiment, I used IR and NMR to identify several unknown compounds. In order to identify my pure unknown compound, IR-12, I first looked for any medium to strong peaks on my IR spectra. The peaks that were useful in identifying my unknown were: a C-O bond of an ester at 1043.8, a C-O bond of an ester at 1243.6, a stretching C=O bond at 1743.2, a stretching alkyl C-H bond at 2860.4, and a stretching alkyl C-H bond at 2958.7. When figuring out which IR unknown was my compound, I first looked to see if my IR spectra showed an alcohol or an amine. Since my IR spectra didn’t show an alcohol or an amine, I was able narrow down my choices of possible compounds to twelve. Next, I looked for an aromatic ring in my IR spectra and since my IR didn’t show an aromatic ring, I was able to narrow down my choices to six possible compounds. Then I looked for any nitriles in my IR and since my IR didn’t contain any nitriles, I was able to narrow down my choice to five possible compounds. Then, I looked to see if my IR contained a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ester. My IR spectra didn’t contain a ketone or an aldehyde, however, it did contain an ester, which is how I was able to identify my unknown, IR-12.

For six years, Eli Yanakakis has lived three stories underground in a generous fallout shelter. On his ninth birthday, his father claimed that there was a nuclear attack that was coming which he then took them to the compound. The door to the compound is sealed and set to open in fifteen years, enough time for the nuclear waste from the attack to not be able to harm anyone. The only people Eli has seen or communicated with for years are his mother, father, and two sisters. He was really missing the rest of his family like his twin brother named hamburgers, his grandmother named eddy, and his dog. Though The Compound seems to have everything he could ever want, Eli is afraid that there are many flaws in his father's plan to survive the nuclear

In this experiment, the identity of an unknown compound will be deduced from analysis of physical properties, boiling points, IR spectra, chemical tests, and melting points of derivatives. This experiment allows for individual selection of chemical tests, order of steps, and additional analysis, as necessary, based on what is needed to determine identity of unknown.

Aromatic compounds can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. In these reactions, the aromatic ring acts as a nucleophile (an electron pair donor) and reacts with an electrophilic reagent (an electron pair acceptor) resulting in the replacement of a hydrogen on the aromatic ring with the electrophile. Due to the fact that the conjugated 6π-electron system of the aromatic ring is so stable, the carbocation intermediate loses a proton to sustain the aromatic ring rather than reacting with a nucleophile. Ring substituents strongly influence the rate and position of electrophilic attack. Electron-donating groups on the benzene ring speed up the substitution process by stabilizing the carbocation intermediate. Electron-withdrawing groups, however, slow down the aromatic substitution because formation of the carbocation intermediate is more difficult. The electron-withdrawing group withdraws electron density from a species that is already positively charged making it very electron deficient. Therefore, electron-donating groups are considered to be “activating” and electron-withdrawing groups are “deactivating”. Activating substituents direct incoming groups to either the “ortho” or “para” positions. Deactivating substituents, with the exception of the halogens, direct incoming groups to the “meta” position. The experiment described above was an example of a specific electrophilic aromatic

The type of vibration can help indicate the type of bond and atom involved in the bonding. On the infrared spectrum, the peaks correspond to a certain functional group. For lavender oil, the infrared spectrum shows a peak located at 3462.2 cm -1. According to the IR correlation table, a peak with an absorption rate located between 3400 to 3650 cm-1 is alcohol. Therefore, we can conclude that lavender oil contains an alcohol.

An endocrine disruptor is any chemical that when used can cause an interference in the body’s ability to function and carry out everyday bodily functions.

The most important environmental impact of benzopyrene is its significant accumulation in organisms exposed to it. Aquatic and marine organisms will also concentrate it. In water, benzopyrene attaches strongly to sediments and any other solid matter. Then it is released to soils and tends to bind very strongly to the soils particles, but only small amounts can leach to groundwaters. Benzopyrene is stable and can remain and move in the environment for a long period of time. it is a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP). Release of Benzopyrene therefore causes concern at a global environmental level as well as on a local scale.

Organic compounds are, by definition, any chemical compound containing carbon. These compounds include carbohydrates, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each one of these compounds has a different purpose. Carbohydrates give energy to cells when consumed. Lipids are basically the fats of a cell. Proteins are the building blocks of muscle in a cell. Nucleic acids are used to transfer genetic information from one cell to the other.

What are VOCs? Describe their uses and hazards. Include the properties that make these compounds hazardous. Include an image of one such compond.