Arsenic Contamination Of Arsenic From Contaminated Water By Using Raw And Treated Laterite As An Adsorption Surface

Arsenic is well known for its dangerous toxic features it brings to humans and the environment. But, it was not until the late 1980’s did scientists and public health officials realized that even at low doses of ingestion, arsenic is very dangerous and can cause serious health effects (Bolt, 2013). Till this day arsenic continues to be a huge public health issue, not only in parts of the United States but in developing countries worldwide (Bolt, 2013). The main trend that researchers have been focusing on is the amount of arsenic that is contaminating drinking water. Arsenic has been known to be a health issue in water for many years, but it was not until the 1980’s and later that the government and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) started to really crack down on monitoring it (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR] , 2010). Before 2001 the legal amount of arsenic that was allowed in drinking water was 50 parts per billion (ppb), but since then public health officials and the government realized that this amount of arsenic in the water was making people sick (ATSDR, 2010). So on January 22, 2001, the EPA adopted a new standard of 10 ppb of arsenic is drinking water (ATSDR, 2010). This level has been tested to be the safest allowable amount of arsenic in drinking water to be ingested by humans. To this day parts of the world and about 2% of the United States are still having issues with keeping the

The age demographic segment of oil and gas industry is normally people in their late 40s and early 50s. There is also a group of neophytes but there are very few people with ages between the two groups. Also, most of the people in this industry are highly specialty engineers with experience and skills to make important decision about drilling. There are also other specialty people in the business sides to vision and plan the competitive strategies to compete with other companies.

The largest solar plant site within the Gujrat solar park is the Charanka Solar Park (State of Gujrat, India) which is built on a 2,000 hectare plot. The purpose of my project is to study and analyze the Charanka Solar Park using the project management skills, risk analysis, requirements management skills and other engineering management skills developed through the graduate degree course.

This chemical tends to occur naturally in soil, so sometimes it can make its way into your well. If you drink too much water contaminated with arsenic, you will be susceptible to an array of harsh side effects such as vomiting and a burning feeling. If your water supply is never checked and you drink arsenic-laced water regularly over time, your risk factor for developing several kinds of cancer will increase substantially.

Although municipal water can contain a vast array of contaminants, several continued to repeatedly show up in water of the cities studied. Among the most frequently found contaminants were Arsenic, mentioned earlier, and other toxic chemicals such as radon, the rocket fuel perchlorate and other carcinogens, which may cause skin problems, birth defects, reproductive problems and even cancer. High Volumes of Lead were found, which enters the drinking water supplies from the corrosion of old pipes and

Since, arsenic in our environment is not only due to arsenic containing minerals in the earth, it is important to say that most of the arsenic problems we have today are result of human activity, such as the use of arsenic based products for industrial and agricultural purposes like use of arsenic containing pesticides on crops, insecticides, drugs fed to chicken and some other animals (for example Nitarsone).

Arsenic is an invisible killer that many people may be drinking as I write this article. It was such a problem for the United States, that in 2001, the US Environmental Protection Agency had to lower the maximum level of arsenic allowed in drinking water from 50 micrograms per liter (ug/L) to 10 micrograms per liter (ug/Liter) (Ryker, 2001). Despite this change in policy, this issue of arsenic contamination continues, and is even more widespread in many more places outside of the United States. Unlike the U.S., underdeveloped countries like India, Cambodia, and Bangladesh cannot rely on the usual testing’s more developed countries are accustomed to. For example, a study in Bangladesh (2009) showed 13% (1,883) of their findings (14,492 samples) had an arsenic concentration that exceeded 50 ug/Liters (Rodrigues et al, 2016). The old maximum stated by EPA back in 2001. Information like this is then used, in hopes that it creates more of an importance

In different areas of the world it is found that the presence of arsenic, lead, and cadmium is hazardous to the health of the general population. In Burkina Faso high concentrations of arsenic dominated the groundwaters (BGS). A similar case occurred within California with the existence of lead and cadmium. Similar to Arsenic in the groundworks of Burkina Faso, there was a significantly large amount of lead found in the water system in California affecting the nervous system, kidneys of children (Rios, Michael). Cadmium has also been found in California, because the metal is known to cause cancer and developmental harm there are several laws preventing certain amount of cadmium in drinking water (Monserrat, Laurie).

Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are naturally occurring substances in the environment. Besides their natural occurrence, manufacturing and industrial activities such as mining, smelting operations, and the storage and disposal of waste from these process results in elevated concentrations of these contaminants in the environment.3

Thus, the market will never go away, but it continues to grow steadily. Arsenic bio-accumulates in human bodies, and there is no way to eliminate arsenic from human bodies once it is absorbed. The hypothesis that was formed is: A low water supply and depletion of wells causes heavy metal contaminations in the remaining water. The more locations drilled from underground water means that there are more areas with arsenic that can be tapped into, thus increasing the contamination

The arsenic contamination in Bangladesh is a serious environmental disaster in human history. Although different national and international organizations are working to provide safe drinking water to the people, there is not enough technology that is economically affordable to exposed people. “So it is an important responsibility to international communities to have a sustainable technology that can save millions of peoples from the suffering and give them safe drinking water sources” (the World Health Organization, August 2012).

Physico-chemical methods such as chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, filtration, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, reverse osmosis, membrane technology and evaporation recovery have been widely used to remove heavy metal ions. These technologies usually produce wastes with high concentrations of metals which are a significant source of environmental pollution. Furthermore, the above methods may be ineffective or expensive, especially when the heavy metal concentrations

Polluted water is a serious threat to human health. Various factors, such as human activities, presence of sediments, farming, disposal of chemicals, and human wastes remain the main reasons for the degradation of the quality of our water resources. More than one and a half billion people lack access to safe drinking water and more than one hundred twenty million people are constantly getting ill from contaminated water. The chemical composition of water is determined by natural factors and human activities. Some may include decomposition and forming of soil, rocks, death of aquatic organisms, pesticides, and heavy metals that include lead, chromium, copper, cadmium, mercury, and zinc. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks contribute traces of elements to water bodies like fluoride, arsenic, lead, copper, mercury, and zinc. Exposure to lethal levels of trace elements is one of the most universal forms of environmental health problems. Millions of people worldwide suffer

As the world and our nation tries to a find alternative sources of energy, which reduce harmful emissions, the amount of energy being consumed continues to rise. At present, and near future, oil and natural gas remain the most viable energy solution. As a result the future supply of energy, and the extension, the preservation of the environment relies on Petroleum Engineers. This makes petroleum engineering one of the most exciting fields and is a major reason why I have decided to focus on a degree with that in mind.

This section helps in evaluation of the financial aspect of the project. It helps in finding the economical options for solving the problems. It includes both financial and non-financial benefits due to the proposed project. To illustrate in details, different charts and drawings are presented (Rouse).