Art History Paper: Transformation Between Sculpture and Early Classical Period

The Greeks’ increased confidence after defeating Persian invaders in 480 BCE is recognized in the artwork of that time. Sculptures evolved from rigid, less lifelike structures to more relaxed and humanlike works, typically evoking self-confidence. The work “Kritios” Boy exemplifies this shift. Assumed to be the work of the Greek sculptor Kritios, “Kritios” Boy was created at the close of the Persian wars. I love how realistic this piece and others like it appear in comparison to the Kouroi before it. These sculptures are visibly relaxed and confident, perfectly emulation the Greek attitude of that era. The way the statue’s weight appears to be shifted onto one leg is the most significant factor in presenting the “Kritios” Boy as self-confident.

This technique, used by Greek sculptors for the head and other parts of the statue began as early as the Archaic Period. ( The period in Greek history lasting from the eighth century BC to 480 BC, post Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period.) The work has many signs of damage and decay, among these are missing body parts such as the capital and the right wing. The surface is worn down, although still shows clear creases and details throughout the texture of the piece. The head, wings, and the drapery were carved separately before the work as a whole was eventually assembled. The wings were attached with no external support and it's a marvel that one is still managing to adhere

Then there is a sculpture called ‘Kouros/statue of Standing Youth’ which represents the meant back in the day and age. The sculpture is a very young, athletic, toned man. This man has the body every man wants. This sculpture is desirable to every women. This man represents power, and desire. Unlike the sculpture of the woman this man has a face and a very powerful looking

The Colossal Statue of King Aspelta appears to be especially influenced by the statue design of Old Kingdom Egypt, despite being a Kushite work from the Nubian region produced between the years of 593 and 568 BC. Due to the larger than life size of Aspelta, the eye is initially drawn to the pectoral and abdominal region of the body. This portion of the statue is especially idealized as the pectorals are toned and the abdomen is similarly muscular. Furthermore, there is no indication of any weakness or fat, which would be typical of the average human being. Even in the absence of the work's title, this makes it evident that subject was in a position of power and wish to be seen as an ideal and powerful portion.The arms are large, yet not well

The overall all renditions are block-like and sculpted with geometric reduction of details. The anatomy is made up of planes, completely symmetrical. The hair, ears, and eyes have been reduced to simple shapes – again, all identically symmetrical. Kouros is depicted nude, symbolic of Archaic Greece's emphasis on the ideal individual male and autonomous Greek citizen. In contrast, Aphrodite is a considerably large female (7 feet tall and substantially wider than the Kouros). Given the larger than real-life scale, this statue probably served as a cult image in a temple. The statue's excellent state of conservation also suggests that it was kept indoors. It is free standing but also in an anatomical, not just mechanical sense. The pose is full and rounded, not solely frontal. You get a sense of the body being relaxed, with one hand extended in a gesture that gives a sense of it moving forward.

Ancient Greek art is something to be admired; the accuracy of the figures, compared to Egyptian art is commendable. The art works show great depths of emotion and detail. The “Grave stele of a little girl” is a beautiful relief of what appears to be a small child holding two birds. The forearm resembles a young child’s arm because it seems that the “baby fat” is still present, but it is strange that the face has less-childish features. The figure is in strict profile, which possibly suggests a Greek sculptor, in addition to the intricate detail and the contrapposto. Egyptian sculptors did not have

The piece I decided to analyze is the famous sculpture, Laocoön and his two sons. I decided on this particular piece for a few reasons, one being the emotion we see on the subjects’ faces, and the other being the importance for future art. When I began this research I could not have possibly understood the relevance this piece had on the art that was yet to come.

The “human form” has changed through art over long periods of time and how each civilization uses their own style to create these pieces is how art gets its depth. I'm going to be talking about one of each sculpture from every major period and explain how each one has its own flavor and own unique style. I will be talking about the Prehistoric period, Egyptian style, Greek style and Roman styles. I also have a list of vocabulary words i will be pointing out in bold to explain how these are used in sculptures.

The Statue of Asklepios is a classic Greek sculpture that portrays a person of the most perfect and athletic form. The piece is of a man standing beautifully while draped in a toga. The toga is draped over his left shoulder and cuts across to the right side of his body near his lower abdomen and then continues to cover his legs until his ankle. The toga also is draped over the pieces entire back. The piece is missing his head, his left arm and both his right foot and almost its entire right arm. The piece has a smooth, but not glossy, exterior in all of the areas except for the parts that have been broken off. Asklepios is portrayed as an incredible fit and beautiful being. The abdomen is extremely muscular and shows off the miraculous fitness of the model. The toga has many wrinkles, creating a lot of shadow and darks and lights. It also is wrapped in a way that is both loose and tight in different areas of the sculpture. It is tied right next to the left pectoral and the left armpit. This piece emphasizes the muscular body of this man while at the same time portraying him standing in such a nonchalant way through the curvature and relaxed look of the figure. And unlike the Torso of a God, this piece clearly shows movement through the shape of the body and the folds of the toga because

The body of Adam, fully nude with the exception of a leaf, is very realistic and accurate, greatly detailed from his tightly curled hair to the creases in his knuckles. Without even touching the work I can “see” the purity of its marble and the smoothness of its carving. The muscle and facial expression of Adam are remarkably convincing qualities, showing the overall tense feeling of Adam’s pose. He stands on a flat base, and it is seen there that he is leaning forward because both feet are slightly lifted off the ground. He seems to be moving in a forward direction. That encouraged me to explore the back of the sculpture, where I found the same remarkable realism through muscles depiction and perfected proportion.

Throughout the Archaic period, which dates from 610 B.C. to 480 B.C., the basic pose of kouroi (plural for kouros) remained the same, though the anatomy of the figures gradually became more naturalistic or true to life. The ideology that the Greek sculptors wanted to achieve greater naturalism is proven through the progression of the kouroi during the period.

The Anavysos Kouros exhibits form in the use of marble. During the Ancient Greek era, new techniques of sculpting and carving caused precise curves and shape to be applied to plentiful rocks such as marble. The sculptures represented power and youth as translated from the word “kouros” in the body curves and stature of the figure. Art historians believe sculptures such as the Anavysos Kouros may have functioned as grave markers, offerings in sanctuaries, or may have even represented a god, specifically Apollo. It may have been possible to see the Anavysos Kouros at either a grave of a powerful elite, or a sanctuary of Apollo.

Throughout the Archaic period in the depiction of male kouroi sculptors began to make explorations in to characterization of their subject through the use of decorative anatomy, posture, and more natural depiction of the human body. The artists were allowed this freedom due to the accepted nudity of the male form in Greek sculpture at this time. In female sculpture and the characterization of kourai, however, artists had no such license. It would not be until the Classical period that characterization of females would be explored through more complex poses and anatomical naturalism. Thus, sculptors resorted to characterizing females through their clothing, hair styles, and the objects depicted with them. The Berlin Kore, depicted with a

Throughout the previous periods, there has not been much attention to anatomy. Despite this, the Late Archaic period showcases more attention to anatomy, making its statues more realistic. This is due to scientific advancements, as there have been studies of the human form. In Kouros, which was made during the Early Archaic, it has many characteristics that were influenced by Egypt, such as the left foot forward and a blank, expressionless face. There are similar characteristics in the Kroisos, which is from the Late Archaic. However, there is a big change with the Archaic smile. The Archaic smile is a small smile used to indicate life. There is also a more realistic depiction of the human body that is seen with the use of incised lines used

This interest in the order of nature eventually evolved into a fascination with the human form and the idea of human perfection. The way in which the perfect human form was portrayed by Greek artists was of a highly intellectual nature. The early sculptors of the period explored basic human anatomy and its aesthetic value, creating such sculptures as the Kritios Boy, of the Acropolis. The precision and realism of this sculpture captured a more accurate portrayal of the human form than ever before seen. This accomplishment in itself showed strong advancements in intellectual thought, and inspired future generations to further explore aesthetic and order. Artist such as Polyclitius later envisioned human perfection as a series of mathematical proportions. The