Discussion Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are currently considered gold standard in the management of uncomplicated malaria. For the liver stages, primaquine is the only drug approved to eliminate hypnozoites. Resistance against existing antimalarials is well documented, and troubling due to the emerging resistance to artemisinins. Therefore, a rising incidence of drug resistance requires the development new drugs, with novel disease targeting strategies. Moreover, the challenge is
Introduction: Worldwide emergence and spread of antimalarial resistance has led to use of molecular markers in monitoring of resistant plasmodium parasite. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the K13 propellor domain have been recently associated with artemisinin resistance. This study aims at profiling K13 molecular markers related to reduced susceptibility to Artemether-Lumefantrine in parasite isolates from Msambweni coastal region, Kenya. Methods: Chelex method was used for extracting DNA from Plasmodium
resistance emergence, combination therapies are introduced, which combine two or more available antimalarial drugs that targeting
passed to other humans through blood transfusions D. Cure 1. Drugs against Plasmodium a. Combination therapy 2. Resistance E. Null Hypothesis 1. No difference in mechanism used in resistance F. Alternative 1. Is a difference in mechanism used in resistance II. Compare and contrast A. History of Resistance 1. Region where resistance started a. Cambodia-Thailand border i. Artemisinin resistance started here 2. Regions where resistance is more prominent B. Treatment Failure
to drug therapy. The Plasmodium falciform species has become increasingly resistant in the regions affect by the strain (1). In an effort to avoid drug resistance, the current recommendation of the World Health Organization is the use of two more anti-malaria drugs for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciform malaria infections. In order to achieve the desired effect the drug combinations must have different modes of action. The formal name for this form of therapy is artemisinin-based combination
Facilitated largely by increased political commitment, an up-scaling of World Health Organisation (WHO) vector control measures and expansion of the so-called “artemisinin-based combination therapies”, the past decade has seen remarkable progress in the global effort against malaria. In fact, latest figures approximate that global investments in malaria control have amassed to a 42% reduction in the diseases’ mortality rate between 2000 and 2012, saving an estimated 3.3 million lives during this
The best course of action regarding treatment is thus early detection with the screening and diagnostic methods already described being applied to at-risk populations. Hence control methods can be aimed at three distinct groups: patients, the exposed and the mosquito vector itself (Hafalla, Silvie, & Matuschewski, 2011). The latter two may be the most essential. Curbing mosquito populations through source reduction of their habitats, draining and clearing of breeding areas has had some effect in
important as well. In certain areas of the world, treatment with antimalarial drugs has become ineffective due to resistance of the parasite. Therapy with antimalarial drugs is the lone treatment that will successfully eliminate the disease. These can be administered as a monotherapy, where resources are limited, and as a more effective combination therapy. In most cases administration is
Malaria is a parasite that has been impacting the world for the past couple of centuries. The illness associated with malaria gives intense fevers, chills, terrible headaches, muscle pains and can be deadly if not treated properly. Although overall malaria cases have decreased from 262 million in 2000 to 214 million in 2015, it is still an issue to be concerned about today.1 There have been developments of a vaccine against this parasite, but the parasite has adapted to the vaccine and developed
attempts to kill malaria failed and the disease was rapidly increasing in the 1960s, Tu turned to traditional herbal medicine to curtail the plague. “Tu was the first to show that a component extracted from the plant Artemisia annua, later called artemisinin, was highly effective against the disease”. (Mai, 2015). She received a novel prize in medicine for this discovery, hence becoming the first female Chinese recipient of the