Article Analysis : ' Global Woman ' By Barbara Ehrenreich

Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild discuss in their work “Global Women” on how the process of globalization has impacted the lives of Third World Women. The paper begins narrating the life of Josephine Perera, a nanny that traveled from a tiny island on the skirts of South India. Her life shares a small scope of the true impact of how globalization has influenced the lives of women in leaving their families behind in order to support their children economically. The world is divided by a First world, where the rich and prominent flourish profoundly, and the Third world, which consists of poor countries where there is shortfall of opportunities for wealth and prosperity. Women in the third world are forced to find work eslewhere

Throughout time, women have endured many things. In Never Leave Yourself by Eileen P. Anderson-Fye and Reinterpreting the Labor Mobility of Rural Young Women in post-Mao China by Yan Hairong, women have had to change during times of modernity; different ideas have become salient in the minds of these women due to the forces of modernity and globalization. An idea or sense of liberation is apparent in both of these articles. Belizean women have managed to succeed on what they perceive as liberation; however, rural young women in China have made failed attempts to do so. Despite this, it does not change the fact that women want to be freed from the oppression they get in the patriarchal society they live in. Globalization can have a crucial effect on the way things work in countries which would initiate a way for modernity to pass through and culturally transform a people’s way of thinking or living. Specifically, in the cases of rural young women in China or Belizean women in San Andres, it has had the most impact on them.

CEO of an international humanitarian organization, Helene Gayle, in her argument opinion article “Give women credit for family work” (2015 CNN), proves that helping women in developing countries will improve their and their families’ lives. She supports her claim by using stories from third world countries, resolutions on how to fix problems, and her ethos from her work experience. Gayle’s purpose is to create a new meaning for the work of women and raise awareness of the problems abroad in order to improve gender inequality and poverty in developing countries. She creates a hopeful and helpful tone towards fixing the problems for others wanting to

The author chose to end the book with Sassen’s chapter because Sassen has pointed out how women have contributed to globalization. She also states the idea that migrant women working as nannies, sex workers and immigrants are all crucial for the economy. The author wants the reader to understand that woman’s society position have changed, they are actually part of the key components of the new economies. This chapter has greatly indicated the importance of women.

Aprosba, or the Association of Prostitutes of Bahia, situates itself as a safe haven and progressive output for the sex worker communities in the state of Salvador. As Erica Williams describes in her book, Sex Tourism in Bahia, Aprosba is an organization that embraces the need for greater rights and protection for female sex workers. My plan for this essay is to clearly identify and interpret Williams’ “transnational feminist” approach while analyzing how she uses it to explore the perspectives of Aprosba members. In Chapter 5 of Williams’ book, she provides unique ethnographic narratives, which I plan to use to address the debate of “prostituta” vs. “garrote de programa.” By the end of this essay, I will formulate my own opinion on possible strategies to enhance the lives of Bahian women involved in sex work.

Human trafficking has been dubbed the modern version of slavery as it is the act of taking an individual by force or coercion for some aspect of labour purposes. The phenomenon of human trafficking for sexual exploitation is not a recent one. Human trafficking has historical roots in traditions of worldwide slavery and in debt-bondage in the South East Asian region. In the 20th century, during the periods of the First World War and the Second World War, human trafficking for sexual exploitation grew as ‘comfort women’ were used in Japanese occupied areas in South East Asia. In modern times, globalization has proliferated both human trafficking and sex tourism industries through people’s increased ability to travel further and easier. Human trafficking, as opposed to human smuggling, focuses heavily on the exploitation and violation of those subjected to it. Women, men, and children are all at risk of being trafficked into exploitative work, including sexual labour. On the other hand, sex tourism avoids focusing on its exploitative side and instead engages heavily with global tourism in a lucrative industry. Women prostitutes are the primary contributor to the labour side of sex tourism industries. Prostitution economies, especially in the Global South, thrive on the “exotic Third World sex workers”.

Prostitution, as many of you may know is an exchange of sex for payment. It should be illegal everywhere in the world because of the extreme lifestyle women are forced to live and because of the increase in crime rates. There are three different types of prostitution. The first and most known- street prostitution, the second being escort prostitution and last but not least-sex-trafficking. Prostitution in general is often looked at as shameful in society, however for many women/ young females around the world, this decision was not made by them. What most people don’t know is that many of them have been forced or lured into prostitution by traffickers or pimps. For others, they depend on this exchange because

It demonstrates their arguments and their reasons for why they believe what they claim. The authors show examples from different parts of the world to support their statements. The article demonstrates the situation in India, where poverty is widespread. In fact, according to the New Internationalist Magazine, in India, “68.7% of people live on less than $2 per day” and as one legally accepts individuals using their heads, hands and other body parts when earning a living, then one must also accept the case of sex workers too” (Post & Datta). Moreover, the International Labor Organization, or ILO, considered “adult sex work as work in a groundbreaking 1998 report” (Post & Datta). Thus, it means that adult women cannot possibly find better jobs in a poor country like India, and so they merely resort to prostitution. Besides, with the ILO approving adult sex work as already a necessary moneymaking source and a legal job, then the stigma against prostitution must have declined in the recent years. Prostitution is a very practical way for women to survive, especially those who are far away from their families or who have no one to help them financially.

Most Latin American countries allow prostitution, few allow the ownership of a brothel, and even fewer accept pimping. However, many individuals are still forced into this industry. The Expat Daily news has said that in Latin America prostitution is a sixteen billion dollar business (1), so of course a there is

Globalization currently constitutes for the mass movement of labor especially from developing to developed nations. However, some aspects of globalization have resulted to the formation of structures that have resulted to exploitation and domination of labor force (Mohanty, 2013). Notably, when movement of labor is involved, issues about gender inequality arises and other aspects such as sexism, and racism as facets of colonialism in the current global economic era. For instance, women from developing countries are normally involved with the provision of childcare, health care, and domestic services to developed countries that have high income countries. Even though most of these women migrate at their own discretion, some of them have been subjected to human trafficking to serve as domestic workers in foreign countries (Pyle, 2006).

The world’s labor force is no longer dominated by men. As of 2015, fifty percent of working age women worldwide are now employed (“The World's Women 2015”). The book, Global Woman, describes the trend in the increasing number of women immigrating for work. Many women are no longer staying at home and caring out their stereotypical responsibilities as a woman, which includes caring for their families and housework. They are entering the work force, whether that means emigrating to another country or obtaining a high paying job near home. Although the world is full of empowered women who have broken out of the stereotypical female role, this role has not disappeared; it has only been transferred and not without

This sex tour is just one example of the direct links of tourism associated with sex work in Asia. While specifically analyzing the implications of tourism on prostitution/sex work supported by organizations such as the World Bank, which is profit seeking and economically focused, Thailand and the Philippines seem to be two very affected nations struggling with the issue. There is significant evidence, such as official documents, personal accounts, interviews, and scholarly

The Tanzanian women are worked unbearable hours upon arrival, whether they are healthy, sick, starving, or weak. Most of these women are forced to do hard labor from around fifteen to twenty-one hours per day without breaks. "Employers can force domestic workers to work without rest, pay, or food,” in many

Women have owned and managed businesses for centuries, but the first scholarly article focused on women-owned businesses (Gartner, 1985) did not appear in the literature until 1976 (Jennings & Brush, 2013). Early scholars seem to have assumed that all business owners were essentially the same, and groups of small business owners did not require different research (Achtenhagen & Welter, 2011). Over the past 10 years in the United States, the rate of new business formation by women has outpaced that of men and other minority groups (Powell & Eddleston, 2013). The increase in women business ownership has also increased the amount of research focused on women small business owners (Avolio, 2011). Some researchers have sought to understand why the businesses owned by women generate 25% lower profits than the average businesses in the United States (Small Business Administration [SBA], 2012). Further research focusing on how women run their businesses to increase profitability could support the improved profits of additional women small business owners (Marlow & McAdam, 2013).

“Sex tourism requires Third World women to be economically desperate enough to enter into prostitution; once they do so, it becomes difficult to leave. The other side of the equation requires men from affluent societies to imagine that African women are more available and submissive than women in their own countries. Finally, the industry depends on alliance between local governments in search of foreign currency and local foreign business willing to invest in sexualized travel” (Enloe, 2000:36).