Article IX Summary

The United States Constitution does not clearly address the role of the federal government in the nation’s public education. That implies that the responsibility of setting policies and standards should reside with the states’ government. However, the involvement of the federal government may have a positive impact on public education throughout the nation. Having a required standard for education would guarantee that students are receiving equal information across the states. It would be especially beneficial for the minority schools with decreased test scores, as well as ensure that they are meeting the required

Under the IDEA, special education is supposed to be conducted in the LRE. Because of this, all students with disabilities are expected to participate in a general classroom and participate in the same activities as their nondisabled classmates. By doing this, it ensures that these individuals are not being excluded. Having these students participate in a general classroom and participate in the same activities as their classmates also provides the individuals with the added benefits that these opportunities provide along with their teachers’ content. The activities that the individuals with special needs are expected to participate in include both extracurricular and nonacademic activities. If for some reason the IEP team determines that an individual it not

Congress has enacted legislation providing substantial federal support for research and instructional programs in areas such as science, mathematics, reading, special education, vocational education, career education, and bilingual education, based on the general welfare rationale. Congress has provided financial assistance for the school lunch program and for services to meet the special needs of various groups of students.

U.S. Dept. of Education. (n.d.). Elementary and Secondary Education Act | U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved August 6, 2015, from http://www.ed.gov/esea

The first major component of the memorandum stated that “the district must take affirmative steps to rectify the language deficiency in order to open its instructional program to these students.” ("Developing ELL Programs: HEW Memorandum, 1970) The next component indicates that language minority students could not be assigned “classes for the mentally retarded on the basis of criteria which essentially measure or evaluate English language skills” or that these

Finally, public education in Arizona is also another area which is strictly controlled by the Arizona constitution. This is inclusive of all types of schools be it elementary, middle or high schools. Included in this lot are also colleges and universities. In Article 11, these schools’ conduct

Schools have legal and ethical responsibilities to all of their students, and cannot exempt ELL students from that fundamental truth. Federal guidelines prohibit the use of Title VI funds by schools that discriminate on the basis of race, color, or national origin (US Department of Education). These guidelines allow for the enforcement of fair treatment of all students. The importance of this treatment extends much further than funding. Even with the requirements for schools to provide services to these students, “51% of 8th grade ELL students are behind whites in reading and math” (Fry). The requirement of providing these services has a significant impact on this number; however the magnitude of this number suggests there may be room for improvement.

Introduction United States of America has a distinctive provision of the public education system. The education structure is a documentation of a right provided in the 10th amendment. The unique features of the education system allocate freedom of an establishment of a state’s public education structure. This legal interpretation exhibits minimal jurisdiction to matters related to the formulation of a given public education configuration.

The article is under the impression that since obesity is an epidemic, it falls under the scope of government intervention. Research by Pomeranz and Brownell (2011) supports, “State attorneys general can use their authority to make a significant contribution to public health” (p. 426). These public officials have a lot of social responsibility, they have the capacity to propose bills to benefit the overall health of individuals in this nation. The article did a phenomenal job on addressing the duties of the attorney generals and how that relates to how they can make changes for the fight on obesity. For instance, “Attorneys general engage in consumer education initiatives that are highly publicized and can have a positive impact” (Pomeranz and Brownell, 2011). The attorney general's can make a huge impact

Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, This law was an important one of the major pieces of legislation ever. It motivated states to provide education for any child with special needs and with high quality.. The necessities of the original law incorporated that:1- public agencies must certify that all children with special needs and related services assessed; 2- the child must receive multiple assessment for all education aspects; 3-(IEP) must be written for each child in special education, and children must learn with their nondisabled peers as much as can. In 1991, Congress reauthorized funds for special education programs such as (IDEA). Additionally to the mentioned requirements, I found

The United States Constitution upholds the Federal civil rights laws, privileges, and protections of its citizens. These laws extend to all state education agencies; therefore, supporting education through the allocation of funds and research. The First and Fourteenth Amendments address the fundamental principles of equality, citizenship, and civil rights, thus featuring most of the Supreme Court decisions that have impacted education directly (Debray-Pelt, E. & McGuinn, P. 2009).

The website, http://www.ncset.org/, focused on four major areas of national significance for youth with disabilities and their families, which include: providing students with disabilities with improved access and success in the secondary education curriculum, ensuring that students achieve positive post school results in accessing postsecondary education, meaningful employment, independent living and participation in all aspects of community life, supporting student and family participation in educational and post school decision making and planning, and improving collaboration and system linkages at all levels through the development of broad-based partnerships and networks at the national, state, and local levels. Given this information a secondary special education teacher can look on this website for resources on secondary education, transition service employment, service agencies, and other areas. It is provides a network of people who can assist a

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has become a large, nationwide issue, since President George Bush signed it into law on January 8, 2002, giving the schools the responsibility to keep every student’s academic achievement at a passing level. (Florida Department of Education; 2003; pg. 1) Each state had twelve years to have all students proficient in reading and math, which gave each state less than a year to create a plan. (Kim & Sunderman; 2004; pg. 19) Title I, which is included in this act, began in 1965 when the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed, which gave federal funds to help academically struggling students. (North

One of the mandates of The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 is that states are to require

In the use of sources for a research paper it is essential to read critically and to evaluate the credibility of sources along with the subject matter. By determining the general topic and whether the author’s statements are based on fact or opinion, one can evaluate the suitability of the resource for use as a reference in research. Identifying the keywords is helpful, as it can lead one to additional search ideas and thus additional sources. In selecting four different articles from the CSU-Global library and from outside searches in Google scholar, the following articles have been evaluated for use and suitability for the final Portfolio Project.