The Articles of Confederation
Introduction
The Constitution of the United States has been in effect for the last two hundred years, creating a government that serves the people and preserves their rights. But this was not America’s first national government; it was the Articles of Confederation that came first. The Articles were replaced by the U.S. Constitution not long after its ratification; the Confederation Congress was not able to follow the intended ideals and purposes it was made for.
Faults of the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation created a government with virtually no power - it couldn’t enforce laws, pass tax laws, fund itself, or even get the states to work together. Basically, Congress was a weak government; it had much less power than the states themselves.
Congress was responsible for foreign affairs, but had no way to regulate trade within the states or between the states and foreign countries. It also had no power to enforce foreign treaties. For example, in the peace treaty that had ended the American Revolutionary War, the treaty
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The states would only give money to Congress when they would benefit from it. Congress printed money in an attempt to solve their money troubles, but they printed so much that their Continental dollars became practically worthless. Due to the lack of money, they couldn’t fund the Continental Army, who was fighting in the revolutionary war. As a result, the army was not only underpaid but nearly starved to death during the winter at Valley Forge, unable to buy any food with the Continental dollars that Congress gave them. The problem with the states not paying Congress got even worse when the British started peace negotiations, as there was no British Army going about to remind them why it was a good idea to pay for a national army. The lack of money left America deep in
The Founding fathers did not want to create a government with too much power so they created the Articles of Confederation. This government turned out to be a failure. In 1787, the founding fathers met again to create a new framework of government. Most people feared creating a government that was too strong. To create a new government there had to be many compromises, the U.S. Constitution is the result of these compromises reached in Philadelphia in 1787. The Articles of Confederation were too weak and created many problems which led to a stronger National government. Two weaknesses of the Articles of confederation were that Congress did not have the power to tax. Another problem was that the states had most of the power and the National Government had little power. Two decisions made by the
Congress had the exclusive power to declare war, assign treaties, entertain foreign relations, and operate post offices. Disputes between states and territorial problems were to be sent to Congress. The document also insisted on that Canada was allowed to enter the Union if they desired. Once the American colonies became free from the British Empire, the citizens didn’t have anyone to govern them and which ensures the country would stay on a sleek and stable course. The Articles of Confederation resolved by putting the Congress in power and giving it the authority to make decisions for the new nation.
Fifty-five men were chosen to tweak a broken government’s system into working well. However, by that same system, they could not. In response to this, they did something that would change the course of American history. The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution America had. However, a previous rebellion proved its weakness. With this in mind, fifty-five men from 12 out of the 13 states (Rhode Island abstained at first, before joining later) convened to improve the government’s constitution via minor adjustments; but there had to be a unanimous vote to pass any law, which could not have been done, as Rhode Island didn’t join. Because of this, these delegates broke multiple laws by changing the minimum number of votes from 13
As Document 1 states, legislative rule under the Articles lacked a national court system as well as the power to enforce treaties, raise an army and collect taxes (Doc 2). Stemming from post-war urgency, the Articles reflected the nation’s concern about executive power; however, the lack of an executive meant the lack of effective leadership. Congress had no authority to raise an army on its own and had to requisition troops from the states. Major policy issues required the approval of nine states. Secondly, the United States had accumulated an immense amount of debt that eventually led to a financial crisis. Of course, the country had not developed a centralized government strong enough to combat this obstacle. As a result, high taxes, debt collection as well as other financial strains ravaged the people of the United States, and had a monumental negative effect on lower classes. In Massachusetts, the government refused to print its own money to cover debts, choosing instead to heavily tax its citizens. Many uprisings occurred as a result, namely Shays’ Rebellion. Led by Daniel Shays in response to high taxes and stringent economic conditions, the rebellion was a crucial argument calling for the need for a more centralized government, and urged the question of whether the governments formed under the Articles of Confederation could
After the American colonies won their freedom from Great Britain needed to create a new government. The Articles of Confederation were developed, bestowing America with its first official government. The Articles were composed of many restrictions creating an inadequate body of government. One of the main reasons the articles didn't work was from the lack of a strong central government the states received too much liberty and freedom, and on the other hand congress was weak and restricted. The government did not have enough power to govern all the states efficiently under the articles of confederation, it couldn't tax or regulate trade . From the time period when the Articles were constructed in 1781, to when they were discarded in 1789, the
The nation’s economy was failing immensely and Articles of Confederation did not do much to help. Most war debts were unpaid and because there was no national currency, the individual states as well as the congress issued worthless paper money. The Congress had little power so they had no power to tax the and could only request that the state's donate money for national needs.
The first reason of weakness of the Articles confederation was its economic disorganization caused by financial hardship. Congress did not have the power to collect the tax needed to pay for the expenses of the national government. Congress could request for funds from the states directly, yet it had no power to force the state legislature into paying them. Without payment from states, congress could not pay the America’s foreign debts nor could it provide a national budget. Also, congress could not regulate trade.
Congress could not enforce laws or assemble an army. Without an army the United States had no defense force. And without a judiciary branch, the government couldn’t enforce the laws that were made in Congress. The Legislative inefficiencies were such that each state had one vote in Congress regardless of its population. Therefore it was difficult to pass laws because states would block them, leading to an impractical amendment process. Amendments were difficult to pass because if five states voted against the passing of a bill it would be blocked. For all these reasons and more the Articles of Confederation were truly a failed form of government.
The Articles of Confederation was the first form of Government the United States of America. Since this form of Government failed, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America met together to create a new form of government. There was no other government that was similar to the one they had created. Their new government gave power to the people. This meant that people living in The United States of America could vote and have a say in how the government worked.
The Articles of Confederation established the first national government of the United States after it declared independence from England. The American Revolution heavily influenced this document, as the American people refused to have another tyrant rule their country. From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an ineffective government because of its lack of power to tax, raise an army, or regulate trade; however, it redeemed itself with the creation of the land ordinances of 1785 and 1787, and keeping the states united after the American Revolution.
The Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an ineffective government from 1781 to 1789. The Articles of Confederation created a weak foundation for the early United States. The absence of an executive branch, Congress’s inability to tax and establish armed forces, and the lack of faith of the people, contributed to the feebleness of the government due to the Articles of Confederation.
The Articles of Confederation was the United State’s first constitution, it was written in an effort to unite the states after the American Revolution and served as a blueprint for the modern constitution. In order for the Articles to become official, they had to be approved by all thirteen colonies. Although Congress sent the Articles of Confederation to the states around the end of 1777 to become ratified, they were not officially adopted until March 1, 1781. Under these Articles, the states remained sovereign and independent, with Congress serving as the last resort on appeal of disputes. The American people feared a strong national government and as a result of this, the Articles of Confederation were specifically designed to be weak in the sense that each state maintains its own sovereignty and all rights to govern themselves, with the except of the rights exclusively granted to Congress. Since the Articles lacked many necessary components to keep a nation properly structured, they were eventually revised into the constitution we recognize today. Although, the Articles of Confederation seemed as though it only contained weaknesses, within the document, many strengths and accomplishments were made. Overall, the Articles of Confederation were proven to be both efficient and non-efficient during the time period they were in effect.
By 1786, it was clear that the Articles of Confederation presented an ineffectual government for the union. Under the Articles, the Continental Congress had no courts, no power to levy taxes, no power to regulate commerce, and no power to enforce its resolutions upon individuals or the 13 states. In the areas where Congress did have authority, the members had no way of enforcing their powers. Further complicating matters, the Congress did not have the respect of the people it set out to serve. Individual states continued to make their own laws, particularly where taxation and commerce were concerned. Differing tariffs and trade laws made for a disorganized union, and some states even continued making their own money.
The Articles of Confederation, Adopted by Congress on November 15, 1777, for all practical purposes was the United States’ first Constitution. Created to establish a bond between the newly formed states, “...the Articles purposely established a "constitution" that vested the largest share of power to the individual states” (Early America). This ensured that the government did not have the majority of power. “...the Articles denied Congress the power to collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce and enforce laws...allowing the states retained their "sovereignty, freedom and independence” (Early
The national government of the United States had many challenges under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles caused money problems and the most essential detail, a weak government. This also caused America conflicts among each of the 13 states. These problems greatly impacted the United States and it’s government as well.