Artificial Blood Bioprinting

Like a tooth, the patient would need custom grooves so that they have a proper bite. For hearts the issues are how they can be very different and have complex valves and chambers (“Ahmed”), bioprinting allows fast production of heart valves that can be made to the exact needs of the patient to function as a healthy heart would. It also allows bone tissue to be produced to recreate bone marrow; which is a life-threatening organ to extract from the human body (“Ahmed”). Customization even gives bioprinting a future in cosmetic surgery; outward appearance means more than we would like to admit in our society, kids are sometimes born with physical defects to the face, serious burn accidents can affect someone's appearance, like everyone we all have are insecurities, or things that we wish we could change about ourselves. Imagined being able to select a image of a man or woman on the internet and have your face made to look exactly like them. People could take pictures of their face as a teenager and have the 3dprinting surgery as an adult achieve a younger looking

Organ donation provided a new therapeutic path when new drugs and devices failed to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate of patients with such illnesses as cardiovascular diseases. By replacing damaged organs or tissue with a functioning substitute, organ transplantation offers an immediate cure. Unfortunately, this “cure” is never guaranteed because of the high risk of graft rejection and that’s if a suitable donor can be found. Thus, tissue engineering has been the projected new treatment for these problems. Tissue engineering replaces the diseased or damaged tissue or organs with biofabricated counterparts made using the specifications dictated by the features of the specific tissue or organ.

The field of bioprinting, using 3D printing technology for producing live cells with extreme accuracy, could be the answer to many of the problems we as humans face in the medical field. It could be the end to organ waiting lists and an alternative for organ transplants. In 3D printing technology lies the potential to replace the testing of new drugs on animals. However, the idea of applying 3 dimensional printing to the health industry is still quite new and yet to have a major impact. Manufacturing working 3D organs remains an enormous challenge, but in theory could solve major issues present today.

In a study conducted through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on “average 79 people will receive an organ each day; however, an average of 22 people die each day” waiting for transplants that cannot take place because of the shortage of donated organs (U.S. D.H.H.S). The average amount of patients waiting for an organ can reduce to zero with the continued development of 3-D printers. 3-D printing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The digital file is uploaded onto a computer software, and then the 3-D printer prints the digital file out onto different materials. The materials include plastic, resin, nylon, sandstone. The finish products become replicas of the digital file, and what was an idea is now a reality. Therefore, 3-D printers will one day be the future of organ transplants because over the past twenty years the technology industry has rapidly grown into the focal point in society. From advancement in communication, to the medical field, science and technology has shaped this world today. Thus, the American Government should invest more money into the medical field budget because the research conducted on new technology (3-D Printers) leads to more lives saved, and expands the opportunity of future medical breakthroughs.

Doctors and engineers have been working on another way to get organs a faster and more efficient way. Using 3D printers can help with their problem. They have worked on using a 3D printer to make organs that are a perfect match for patients. This can be very useful it can get an organ ready in a short amount of time helping the patient recovery faster as well. Organ transplants are hard to come by. One you have to be put in a waiting list, and people are usually on that list for a long while, just waiting for a perfect match to come. But sometimes it takes to long and some people die while still on the waiting list. But when an organ finally does come they feel bad because someone had to die in order for them to use it. So Dr Ali Khademhosseini is trying to use 3D printing to help solve this problem. His theory is he can make organs from a 3D printer, which can make the waiting list decrease faster and have people not have to die in order for a perfect match. 3D printers have been used to make Human cells, tissue, and blood vessels. But making something like a heart is much more difficult. Because you have to make the beating and pumps. (Mesley). There have been problems in the past that have just know started to show in some people. "Viruses aren't the only worry, and here too the past may serve as a guide. In 1956 injections of human growth hormone became a standard therapy for children failing to develop properly. The hormone was extracted from

In the past, the only way to replace diminished cells, tissues, and organs was from organ transplantation. An organ donor was needed, and the tissues would be surgically removed from the donated body and placed into the recipient. Due to the current research being conducted, it is believed that tissue engineering and organ printing can contribute to the process of improving and saving lives.

Kaiba Gionfriddo was born prematurely in 2011. After 8 months, his lung development caused concerns, although he was sent home with his parents as his breathing was normal. Six weeks later, Kaiba stopped breathing and turned blue. He was diagnosed with tracheobronchomalacia, a long Latin word that means his that windpipe was so weak that it collapsed. He had a tracheostomy and was put on a ventilator – the conventional treatment. Still, Kaiba would stop breathing almost daily. His heart would stop, too. Then, his caregivers 3D printed a bioresorbable device that instantly helped Kaiba breathe. This case is considered a prime example of how customized 3D printing is transforming healthcare as

Thump, thump… thump, thump… thump, thump. That is the sound of Nature’s most perfect machine, the human heart. It epitomizes the idea of natural engineering through its complexity and contribution to the vessel that holds it. But, can it be synthesized by the species that possesses and depends upon it? With the emerging 3D printing technology in the field of regenerative medicine, the answer may very well be yes. However, a question to consider before humanity embarks on this endeavour: do the life-saving advantages outweigh the various disadvantages?

In the future, the technology will be widely accepted since it can be used to create complete organ, to test newly developed drugs on manufactured cells instead of animals and human cell, to imprint cells directly onto a human body, thus reducing the wait time for organ transplantation, and save time and cost associated with drug research. An absolutely favorable position of customized organs is designing organs utilizing a patient 's own particular cells. With this methodology, there would be no issues with dismissal, and patients wouldn 't need to take the powerful anti-rejection medications that are presently required (Cooper-White, 2015). According to the Organovo company, the formation of a suitable liver is a crunch second for the bio-printing and drug industry since it demonstrates 3D printed tissue can be preserved successfully for a sufficient time to test the impacts of medications on it or insert it in a human body where it can further mature (Mearian,2013).

 Many transplant candidates die while waiting for an organ, whether it be a heart, lung, kidney or liver.  Yes, it is true that thousands of people are saved each year by organ transplantation, yet even more die each year waiting while their organs shut down.  "In perhaps the most dramatic example, the American Heart Association reports that only 2,300 of 40,000 Americans who needed a new heart in 1997 got one." (Mikos and Mooney 2).  The new strategy which seems promising is the development of what Dr. David J. Mooney of the University of Michigan and Dr. Antonios G. Mikos of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston call "neo-organs." (3).  In one aspiring procedure, the patient receives cells that have been harvested previously and comprised into 3-dimensional molds of biodegradable polymers, such as those used to make dissolvable

This essay is a review of the facts and scientific knowledge about artificial blood substitutes, along with societal attitudes. Artificial Blood has been a staple of scientific experimentation since the 15th century, and has been developing since. This science has the potential to be an incredible resource to medical technology. There are two main types of artificial blood, Hb and PFC. These two differ in function and form but perform most of the same actions. Although there are downfalls to these technologies, such as short transfusion time and lack of scientific furthering, there is huge potential in developing blood substitutes.

While the bioprinting of organs has a common use, the development of the organ varies significantly between numerous techniques. Allografts are tissue donations from a donor, autografts are tissues from the patient 's body being moved to where they are needed, and xenografts are tissues from an animal. Whilst autografts are more common, they have limited use in terms of organ transplantation. When a patient needs a new lung or a kidney, it is because the lungs or kidneys they have are not working properly and in these cases autografts are not viable. The main types of allografts are transplanted organs. It is in this category that bioprinting offers major advances to what modern medical science has been working with.

Have you ever had a relative or friend that was in need of a transplant but was just waiting for their death instead? As you may know, waiting for a specific organ can take from one hour to one day or possibly one year. Now just think how Bioprinting can quicken the time help those who have a failing organs. The first synthetic organ transplant took place in 2011, this was a huge breakthrough in the field of regenerative medicine. This area of bioengineering involves engineering stem cells to grow into functioning tissues and organs to replace diseased ones. Once the functioning tissue(s) or organ(s) is/are complete, we can then use bioprinting to construct the organ or tissue needed for transplant. This option will immensely reduce the time

Human organ printers have come to save lives. This invention will creat a way for individuals and families to reconnect with generations. This printer will cure patients with diseases, sickness, and needed transplant.

All the techniques contain advantages and disadvantages, but a problem that needs solving before used clinically, is advancing the printer technology. A 3D-printed organ must contain the ability to perform all the functions of a real organ as