Artificial Pancreas Research Paper

There is a device called the bionic pancreas that is being developed by Ed Damiano, whose son, David was diagnosed with diabetes in 2000, gave him the inspiration to find a cure. For nearly fifteen years he has been researching and working on this project. There have been hundreds of successful trials of people with diabetes using the bionic pancreas and the feedback has been mostly positive. Some say the device as life changing. “At the end of one recent trial, an 11-year-old boy liked the bionic pancreas so much that he ran away from the investigators conducting the test, and it took them over an hour to get the device back" (Sifferlin 42+). There has been progress in all types of people. Sifferlin says "The bionic pancreas has successfully worked in people ages 6-76 and weighing 47 lb. to 283 lb." (42+). The bionic pancreas does also have a pain free, easy method of glucose testing since the device checks it continuously. The only requirement for the device to work properly is simply punching in the person's weight (Russell et al. 2148). Unlike the bionic pancreas, islet cell transplantation is limited in becoming a global treatment because of the lack of supply of islet cells. This is due to the fact that there are more people with type 1 diabetes than there are donor pancreases (Islet Transplantation). The bionic pancreas does not have limitations on the device itself that would prevent it from being produced all over the world. In other words, with proper funding the bionic pancreas can be produced for all diabetics. Damiano hopes to have the bionic pancreas affordable and on the market by

By using this model we can see that if the organ was the pancreas, the defect Islet cell death (no insulin), and the symptoms were elevated blood glucose, blurred vision, and coma, treating the symptoms would get you nowhere. If, however, doctors were to treat the defect (no insulin) by using insulin replacement therapy then the symptoms would recede and the disease would enter remission. For many years doctors did not understand how to put addiction into this model and so left the problem

Diabetes has being around for many centuries and it’s still a current problem in our society. There is two types of diabetes type I and type II. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease and the usual treatment is insulin. With type I diabetes the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin a hormone that is necessary for the body; it’s important since it acts like a taxi because it facilitates the ride of sugar (glucose). Glucose is important to the cells because they rely on glucose for energy. Insulin helps the body to balance the glucose levels: by not letting the body become hyperglycemic (high sugar levels) or

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

Type 1 diabetes is a life long auto-immune condition where the immune system is activated to destroy the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Scientists are not sure what causes this auto-immune reaction (Vanstone et al. 2015). It can occur at any age, although it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents or young adults. The immune system incorrectly sees the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas as foreign, therefore it destroys them. The role of these insulin-producing cells is to sense glucose in the blood, and in response produce the essential amount of insulin to regulate the blood sugar (Griffiths & Payne 2014 pp. 390-391). Insulin’s role is to get glucose from the bloodstream into the body’s cells. Without insulin,

Banting prepared a lecture to his medical students involving the pancreas. According to Frederick Banting, he thought that possibly others were not able to determine the internal secretion in pancreatic mixtures because it was being demolished by the external secretion. Perhaps if digestive juices could be prevented, then the pancreas would stop creating its secretion and it could be isolated to nurse a diabetic organism.

The pancreas is producing insulin but it is not producing the adequate amount that is required for the processing of glucose

Improvements in islet encapsulation will allow for long term survival and improved function of the treatment. Future designs will require a combination of factors to produce an overall product that will encase the islet cells and protect them from the immune system.

Massimo Trucco of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, reported that transferring islet cells from a pig's pancreas into a human could be a cure for this disease (Mark Roth). In New Richmond, Wisconsin, a dynasty of pathogen-free pigs are being raised in a cinderblock bubble style building. These pigs are bred to generate an unusually large number of insulin producing islet cells that will eventually be a cure for diabetes (Marcothy). These cells can be replaced in a human from a pig's pancreas and supply an almost limitless supply of insulin. This limits the need for insulin

‘Pancreas man’ was born in the land of digestiva where he and his family lived since the dawn of time. Until one day, DR.GLUCOSE, the pancreases arch enemy, was spotted strolling down Liver Lane. He had his full army along his side, way too much glucose for the pancreases and livers to turn into glycogen. They were unprepared, they were scared, but one pancreas was ready to fight. That was the infamous ‘Pancreas man’ father, Colonel pancreas. Unfortunately, Colonel pancreas could not take any more glucose, he didn’t make it through the battle. The powerful ‘Pancreas Man’ lives today to spread insulin and fight the constant battle against DR.GLUCOSE. . . Pancreas mans family was devastated after their father's death. Pancreas man's,

Every patient suffers from nutritional deficiencies when they get sick. Throughout this report I will discuss the nutritional deficiencies that patients with pancreatitis experience, what the pathophysiology of pancreatitis is, and how these imbalances happen, how to manage these imbalances of nutrition and how it affects the patient across the lifespan. “Pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas. The degree of inflammation varies from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic necrosis. Acute pancreatitis is most common in middle-aged men and women”. (Louis (2014) Pg. 1030). Normally the pancreatic duct would be open thus the

The pancreas is an abdominal gland that sits behind the stomach in the upper abdomen, and produces enzymes to aid the digestion of food. Digestive enzymes are release via the pancreatic duct into the small intestine, where they are activated to help break down fats and proteins. However, if these enzymes are activated within pancreas, they digest it, causing the organ to become inflamed. The condition can be acute or chronic. Symptoms of the acute type pancreatitis include severe upper abdominal pain, which penetrates through into the back with severe nausea. The head of the pancreas may also block

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that begins when the pancreas quits making insulin. Insulin plays a key role by letting glucose enter the body’s cells, and then uses it for energy. When the body doesn’t get the

Over 1 million people are living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the United States. Islet transplantation is an attractive alternative to standard-of-care exogenous insulin injections or whole pancreas replacement for patients with T1D. Despite successes achieved to date with the widely accepted Edmonton islet transplantation protocol, shortcomings remain including i) inefficiency of islet isolation, in-vitro culture, and preservation and ii) inferior long-term engraftment and function outcomes. As such, a large number of donor pancreases (up to 4) are required per procedure. Current limitations have been largely attributed to the loss of critical microenvironmental cues from surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and vasculature as

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.