Ascorbic Acid ( Aa )

Glycolic acid is a group of chemicals known as alpha hydroxyl acids or fruit acids. It is mainly derived from sugar cane, and hence it is a natural product. The citric acid found in oranges and other citrus fruits also come under the same division as glycolic acids. The glycolic acid acne treatment can be effectively used to treat some cases of acne.

Apotex started as a producer of generic medicinal drugs, however, today it “researches, develops, manufactures and distributes fine chemicals, non-prescription and private label medicines, and disposable plastics for medical use” (“About Apotex”,

Carboxylic acid is organic chemical compound that contain a functional group that is carboxyl group –COOH which is made of hydroxyl group and carbonyl group both attached to the same carbon which is attached to hydrogen atom or alkyl group thus the general formula of the carboxylic acid is R–COOH with R represent alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. Carboxylic acid functional group is partly ionized in solution so it is a weak acid, however it's acidity is considered as the chef chemical characteristic of it as it is generally more acidic than the other organic compounds that contain hydroxyl group and more acidic than the common organic functional groups but it is generally weaker than the common mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl).

In this experiment redox-based titrimetric analysis was used to determine the amount of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) contained in a serving of lemonade. This was done to confirm the 100 percent recommended daily allowance claimed on the package for a serving of Country Time Lemonade. The titration method used was adding a thyodene indicator to the analyte (lemonade solution) there is a visible colour change when the endpoint of the reaction between the titrant (KIO3) and the analyte occurs. The following reactions show how this titration method is viable. (Draw in reactions) KIO3 first reduced with iodide (I-) to generate iodine (I2 ) which then oxidized the ascorbic acid within the lemonade. Once all the ascorbic acid had reacted any iodine

Vitamin A and D have showed unexpected and crucial effects on immune system. Vitamin A includes innate immune towards microbial infection, absence of vitamin A can increase the chance of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infection. Also excessive intake of vitamin A Is associated with toxicity, including blocked hematopoiesis, mitogen-induced T-cell spread, antigen-specific antibody production, and an increased susceptibility to infectious organisms. Vitamin A is also given by Retinoid supplement to treat the skin effects of T-cell lymphoma. Vitamin C also known as Ascorbic Acid also contribute in innate immunity system, Vitamin C works during infection to prevent oxidative damage. Lower concentration of vitamin C in leukocyte is related to reduce immune response in humans. It has been proven that Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Iron chelators such as desferrioxamine inhibit the activity of phagocyte oxidase and reduce reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent killing of bacterial pathogens, both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, Zinc is a dietary trace mineral that is responsible for growth and development, and it is essential for the function of cells of the immune system. It increased susceptibility to

Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly, the melting point had to be determined. Since melting point can be determined to an almost exact degree, finding a close melting point of the specific unknown can accurately point to the identification of the acid. In this case the best melting point

Used of lycopene have been studied extensively through epidemiological and biochemical investigations of its properties and its bioavailability. No adverse events have been reported in association with the consumption of lycopene-containing foods (Kalai, 2011). Lycopene is synthesized by plants and microorganisms, but not by animals. It is a red open-chain unsaturated carotenoid, acyclic isomer of beta-carotene, and longer than any other carotenoid. This highly unsaturated hydrocarbon contains 11 conjugated and 2 unconjugated double bonds, predisposing lycopene to isomerization and degradation upon exposure to light, excessive heat, and air (Lee and Chen, 2002; Yang et al.,2006).

This is an experimental lab that tested how well an antacid acid tablet will dissolve in excess stomach acid. The lab can help the creators and consumers of the drug with know how efficient the drug is. Each group got a certain antacid acid tablet to test. The lab utilizes back titration to help with figuring out the amount of hydrochloric acid(HCl) that is dissolved by an antacid acid by introducing a base with a known molar concentration. The tablet effectiveness was tested by seeing how much strong base (Sodium Hydroxide-NaOH) is needed to be added to a strong acid solution (HCl and antacid acid tablet) for a color change. A color change means that the acid solution became basic, so enough base was added to neutralize the acid. The results

Vinegar is one of the “Sunnah foods” which is contains many essential nutrients that are important for our health. In food industry, vinegar is mainly used in cooking ingredients as a condiment and sauces .Basically, vinegar is microbiologically stable and it is one of the most effective food preservative against food spoilage. Vinegar consists of acetic acid that is suitable to preserve food. Majority of microorganism are function to destroy food as they cannot growth in an acetic acid environment. Vinegar is the product obtained exclusively through biotechnological processes such as double fermentation, alcoholic and acetic fermentation of liquids or other substances of agricultural origin. (Sunil J. Kulkarni., et al 2015). Vinegar is a crucial medicinal medium in curing diseases for a thousand years. Many people has been used this beneficial liquid in daily life. One of the speciality and advantage of vinegar is it contain antioxidant compound. Vinegar is a fermented product indicates numerous reports of health benefits derived by consumption of vinegar components. (Nilgun H. Budak, 2014) . Vinegar is one of the Sunnah foods regarding in

The authors of this paper are all recognized experts in their fields and were selected based on their wealth of knowledge by previously doing food safety investigations and toxicology reports. The expert panel of authors reviewed several studies on the consumption of aspartame. The report broke down what aspartame is on a cellular level, how the body breaks it down, the manufacturing process, and the history of aspartame are all

There are also psychological manifestations of scurvy which includes depression and hysteria (Brown, 2015). This potentially fatal disease can be prevented with as little as 10 mg ascorbic acid intake per day , it is an amount easily obtained through consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables (Mussa et al,

Synthetic food colorants which were being used in beverages, desserts, jams, jellies, sauces, sweets, bakery items, cosmetics, toothpaste, syrup, capsule, tablets are toxic for human’s health. Anthocyanin is good natural food colorant which has so many health benefits such as Anti-inflammatory, Inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation, Inducer of cancer cells for apoptosis, Anti-neoplastic, cardiovascular diseases, Vaso-protective, Neuro-protective, Antiulcer, Antioxidant and drug detoxification, Anti-diabetes and Vision improvement. Cost of the anthocyanin is very high because the methods using for purification is expensive like chromatography, and the quantity purified after the final step was very low. Alcohol based ATPS

Burroughs Wellcome is located in England. Their primary business is selling human healthcare products, prescription and nonprescription. The two main

Astaxanthin (ASXT), the most powerful natural antioxidant found in nature, is a red pigment that has been attracting a considerable interest from several sectors of the scientific, biotechnological and commercial activity due to its noticeable and varied bio-functional properties of great relevance in human health and nutrition. Astaxanthin is ubiquitous in nature, especially in the marine environment [1], and it is a red pigment common to many marine animals, such as salmonids, shrimp, lobsters, and crayfish, contributing to the pinkish-red color of their flesh [2]. Because these animals are unable to synthesize astaxanthin de novo is must

We live in a society in which we are in a state of constant fear of diseases. From when we are young we are taught repeatedly to wash our hands before every meal and to eat an apple daily. Moreover, we are catechized on a regular basis to bundle up so we do not catch a cold or pneumonia. Likewise, our doctors advise us to visit them annually to make sure we don’t have deficiency related disorders such as scurvy or anemia. What if there is a vitamin that could aid in preventing the aforementioned illnesses? Would it not be worth a try? Consider this an introduction to vitamin C! Details on this “wonder vitamin” are elaborated in the subsequent paragraphs!