Asc's Submarines

Section 51 (xxix) of the Constitution of Australia grants exclusive power to the Commonwealth to legislate with regard to external affairs. Since its inception, through the development of case law, the external affairs power has been found to consist of three limbs:

Under s 51(vi) of the Constitution, the Cth can make laws with regard to ‘the naval and military defence of the Cth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Cth’. As s 51(vi) is interpreted to be a purpose power, the test for whether a certain law is within thus power is whether it is proportionate to achieving the stated defensive purpose . The test is ‘elastic’ as the scope of s 51(vi) depends on whether Australia is at war or peace. The outcome turns on judicially noticeable facts about the existence and character of hostilities or threats. In agreeing with Brian Galligan, it is clear that during times of war, the defence power waxes to an extent where it allows the Government to become unitary. Therefore, in order to survive, the Commonwealth must “do anything which can contribute to its defence” . However, as examined later on, there is some debate as to what extent the Commonwealth may be able to go to when implementing measures to protect itself.

The 1997 Asian financial crisis reinforced Australia’s growing economic interdependence within Asia, evident through the assistance given to Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea to help re-establish their economies. Regional dynamics largely shifted as a result, contributing to the demise of the Indonesia Suharto administration, and its subsequent transition to democracy. As Indonesia develops itself as a democratic country, there have been more opportunities for the traditionally different nations of Indonesia and Australia to intertwine, seeing an increase in regional policy and greater collaboration on issues of mutual importance.

By successfully conducting an effective and efficient economic administration, building and running a solid economic performance and joining lots of free trade agreements and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in order to get high trade profits are some of the reasons why Australia is known as a competent and well-governed country. This economic attainment has allowed Australia to be able to nurture its development assistance program in the Asia-Pacific region. In the future, this program is expected to strengthen and sharpen the prospects for better governance and communities in the region in particular and in elsewhere in general. Australia has been working together with

These uncertainties and dangers that are brought to Australia’s strategic environment grow stronger, as they cannot be mitigated by international law as a result of national sovereignty. “Governments respect international law only when it suits their national interests,” stated by Ponser a professor of law at the University of Chicago. “Don't expect that to change anytime soon”.

Andrew Bolt is a controversial political journalist for the Sydney Morning Herald. In his 2016 opinion piece, “A French Connection is one we cannot trust,” he establishes his stance against Australia’s collaboration with France in a $50 billion submarine deal (Bolt, 2016). Bolt utilises a variety of techniques to convey three main ideas: that the manufacturing of the submarines is temporally impractical; that Australia could be at risk if France has too much control in the build; and that France is an unreliable ally for Australia to have. To establish these ideas, Bolt relies on emotive language, fear mongering, and unsubstantiated statistics. This is effective because it plays on the reader’s

Another contributing factor that saw the focus on economic foreign policy decisions during the Hawke and Keating era was the establishment of the Cairns Group. As access to global markets and the effective liberation of agriculture trading, Australia engaged itself in the Cairns Group of Fair Trading Nations (which was founded by Australia). Founded in 1986, its aim (interest) was to ensure open markets for agricultural goods and promote that agricultural trade issues would be given a high priority in the Multilateral Trade Negotiations. This was imperative to Australia’s national interest as under the USA’s Export Enhancement Program, the USA undercut Australian agricultural trading alliances with countries and overtook them in markets such as Japan, one of our greatest trading partners. This limited and severely affected Australian agricultural exports and markets to trading nations as now that market was covered by the USA, who were competing at subsidized prices and undercutting our markets. This resulted in the Cairns Group being invoked that pursued the goals of the liberation of agricultural trade. This assisted Australia in maintaining an agricultural market that ensured the safety of the market. This foreign policy decision by the government clearly indicated the concern of economic factors in the region and showed how economic conditions are imperative to the national interest of a nation.

Politically, the paper argued for binding engagement. Australia attempted to promote the principle of the rule of law in the region. Indirectly, Howard government projected soft power, favorably intangible power of binding norms, to engage Asian powers, including China, shaping their policy preference without coercion (Nye 2004: 5-6). ‘Public diplomacy’ is also discussed in the paper as a way to project Australia’s attractive image for the 2000 Sydney Olympics (Commonwealth of Australia 1997a: 78). In addition, the paper presented clue showing Australia’s determination to remains politically close with the United States and economic close with China looking for the formation of ad hoc issue-based coalitions to show Australia’s eagerness in issues actively involved (Commonwealth of Australia 1997a: 50-51). Shortly, the 1997 Foreign and Trade Policy White Paper laid down Howard government’s grand strategy with two particular focuses on strategic implications of the rise of Asia, arguing against the need to choose one side exclusively between American-led Western camp and, potentially in the future, Chinese-led Asian camp. On the other hand, several

America is Australia’s 5th largest trading partner, after the heavy weights of China and Japan. This is mainly due to there location compared to the United States.

The United states of America and Australia are very effective trading partners. They trade through the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement, which is a preferential trade agreement that was signed on the 18th of may 2004, but came into effect on the 1st of January 2005. APEC is a trade organization that incorporates 21 nations within the Asia Pacific region, and is used to discuss matters between these nations. Australia and the US are a considerably large distance away from each other, promoting communication through a third source; Guam. Finally, the US has a very detailed demographic statistic, much due to the nearly 319,000,000 people. Through these sub points, Australia’s trade agreement with the US is a very key

Blenkin writes, ‘Australia offers vast open spaces for training… Shoalwater alone is more than six times the area of Singapore.’ Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said the cation will create opportunities for joint training and enhancing the armed forces. Australian Prime Minister Malcom Turnbull states that Australia’s strategic partnership with Singapore would generate economic benefits in Northern and Central Queensland. Turnbull says “investments will help local workers and businesses”. But again not all opinions that should have been included were, therefore making this article another very bias report, privileging the

There was an election promise clearly given by the current governing party to build the submarines at the Australian Submarine Corporation in Adelaide. Something changed radically between that promise being made before the election and the announcement sometime afterwards that the government would conduct an evaluation process to decide which foreign shipbuilder should be given the multi-billion dollar contract to build the underwater craft. Why the government decided to go back on the promise to build at the ASC has not been explained--apart from the announcement by the then Defence Minister that he wouldn’t trust the ASC ‘to build a canoe’.

“When the meltdown threatens the first Soviet nuclear ballistic submarine in 1961, its crew must devise a way to survive---or die trying.” With the death of 8 men right away, and 14 more over 2 years, the Soviets were in devastation when beating the United States which turned into a death sentence for 22 men. The K-19 submarine, or the “Hiroshima” was made far too quickly and far too poorly.

Australia’s political view has been recognized by other countries as a strong market leader and a valuable country to have free trade agreements with. All Australians can see that this is a huge benefit to the Australian economy. An increase in trade agreements means more jobs and security for the

Australia and New Zealand has been in the trade business since a long time and aim at increasing the economic and social benefits through increase in