Asian American Communication Styles

communities in order to achieve goals and avoid conflicts. Racism, discrimination, and miscommunication have been the cause of countless police/immigrant community confrontations, and that in return diminishes the chances of recruiting Asian-American candidates towards a career in law enforcement.

Without a doubt, black men in the United States continue to be excessively “incarcerated, policed, and sentenced to death at significantly higher rates than their white counterparts (Kerby 2).” Portrayals in the media have depicted black men as thugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the United States it consequently threatens communities of color by “disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access to employment, housing, public benefits, and education to millions more (Kerby 2).”

African American males are overrepresented in the criminal justice and many times are subject to harsher sentences than their Caucasian counterparts. African American males also experience racial profiling and have more negative interactions than any other population in the United States. Ibie, Obie, and Obiyan states, “African Americans have continued to be the repository for American crime and to be treated as amalgamation of presumed group trait rather than as individuals”. This topic is important because African American adolescents are less likely to be referred to rehabilitation or diversion programs and more likely to be sent to juvenile and/or prison. History has not been kind to African Americans and the injustices experienced by African Americans in the criminal justice system is extremely high. According to Weatherspoon, “The Supreme Court condoned and perpetuated many of the present day stereotypical biases concerning African Americans in the landmark decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford”. Over that past few years, with the advent of social media, the world is becoming more aware of the injustices and brutality suffered by African American males in the justice system. Many view this as a new phenomenon, but others know this abuse has always occurred, it is just now there are cameras taping the violence. Many people are waking up to what is occurring, but there are many others who are denial and who refuse to acknowledge the oppression and racism

This paper provides an overview of the problems facing the police in their efforts to improve relations with minority communities in the United States, as well as a survey of previous research and existing literature on cultural diversity

The public police are the primary crime-fighting organization in the government and it is necessary for police and the public to respect one another (Roberg & Novak, 2014). To rebuild trust with law enforcement, communities should educate themselves about their rights. This will allow them to know what exactly law enforcement can ask for and what they must or not answer when it comes down to simple traffic violations or any minor interaction with law enforcement. It does not matter if the individual is of Mexican, Asian, American, or any other origin, there are rights that every individual has. In the case of traffic stops or encounters with law enforcement in the streets, there are rights in place that everyone should be familiar with to prevent situations that could lead to police using force (ACLU,

1. Race and age are often forgotten from the current conversation of the case and about sexual harassment and assault, regardless black women speaking out about sexual predators for

During the era of segregation, blacks couldn’t even look at a white woman without it being deemed sexual and they were ultimately beaten or killed for it. That mindset is still present today in the form of misidentification in sexual assault cases. A black prisoner serving time for sexual assault is three and a half more likely to be innocent than a white convict (Gross, Possley, & Stephen,2017, March 7). The reason for this mishap is mistaken identification by a white victim in violent crimes involving African Americans. In present day, assault on a Caucasian woman by an African American male is very small throughout the United States ranking in at only 11%. Misidentifications are products of racial bias, which is the belief that one race

Rhonda L. Callaway’s article explores the idea that Western orientated human rights are not suited to Eastern Asian societies. Callaway discusses how Asian societies prefer to follow a less individualistic approach to life, instead focusing on the family and community, placing them in a position opposed to Western customs and rights. Yet, criticisms of the notion of ‘Asian Values’ are also included, one such criticism labelling it an excuse for the state to repress rights.

The historical treatment of African Americans in the United States is very dire. History of slavery, Jim Crow laws, and the Civil Rights movement all significantly impact this family and the resulting intergenerational trauma can lead to distrust of authority figures. There are also many recent events in our country that demonstrate a culture of distrust of authority figures among African Americans, and apparently for good reason. The very recent advent of smart phones allowing police altercations to be captured on video has shown what many African Americans have known for years: that they are often targeted by police for crimes and treated brutally (McLaughlin, 2015). The family’s willingness to trust in authority, especially if that authority comes in the form of a white person, is highly impacted by this ethic

Popular culture has dictated and reinforced upon society the stereotype that African American men lack any type of higher level education, and are in their majority incarcerated. Among these stereotypes, is the one that says that African American men are not apt father figures, and that they display a tendency to be more-than-likely to walk out on their families. In fact, it is quite the opposite: while 1.7 million African American fathers are not present in their child’s lives, 2.5 million are; out of those 2.5 million, 70.4% bathed, diapered or dressed their children daily, compared to 60% percent of white fathers, and 78.2% fed and ate with their children daily, compared to 73.9% of white fathers (National Health Statistics Reports, pg.12-14).

African-Americans have been victims of crime since the 1600s: the beginning of slavery in the U.S. During slavery, African-Americans’ were treated unfairly because they were thought to be inferior. Although slavery ended some time ago, African- Americans are still being treated poorly, because some people still believe blacks are inferior. Unfortunately many of these people work for law enforcement. This causes fear among the African-American community, especially African American males. The long history of police violence against African-Americans proves that everyone is still not treated equally, which is causing African- Americans to dislike law enforcement, and fear their lives, and start movements to bring about

Nowadays, people are exposed to more cultures that they are not accustomed to than in the past. As the years go by, more interracial marriages are being accepted exposing future generations to multi-cultures. I am an American teenager with an Hispanic background. My parents, born and raised in Guatemala immigrated to the United States a few years before my birth. Since my birth, I have been exposed to two very different types of cultures. I have lived in the United States all my life while I have visited Guatemala a couple of times for a few weeks each. Being more accustomed to life in the United States, life in Guatemala is very distinctive. Communicating with family in Guatemala was definitely more challenging than communicating with the family back home in the United States. These types of situations have led to “complexities” in communication, a topic that LaRay M. Barna analyzes thoroughly in her article “Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks.” The “complexities” in communication that Barna addresses are spread into five stumbling blocks: language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, tendency to evaluate, and high anxiety. These five stumbling blocks can occur in any shape or form in communication between two cultures. Language, nonverbal signs and symbols, as well as preconceptions and stereotypes are the stumbling blocks that occurred most when communicating with my family that reside in Guatemala.

Landlords’ mistreatment of battered women especially harms black women. While black women only make up 8% of the population, they are 29% of all domestic violence victims (Jones 2014). Not only are black women disproportionately abused, but they are also overrepresented in nuisance ordinances. In black neighborhoods, 1 in 16 properties eligible for a citation receive one, compared with 1 in 41 white properties being fined (Desmond 2016:191). These trends indicate that nuisance property ordinances are another way in which African Americans receive different treatment

There are several racial/ethnic minorities in United States of America (USA), namely: Black or African Americans, Hispanic or Latinos, Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, and American Indian and Alaska Natives. The Asian American (AA) population is the group that is going to be focused in this paper. AA is believed to be extremely heterogeneous and involving 21 subgroups (Shi & Singh, 2016). Inadequate focus has been applied to this population regarding the health epidemiology due to the decreased number of this group compared with the others despite it being so diverse. The US Census Bureau (2010) estimated that in 2010 only 4.7% are Asians. Despite this numbers, AA has been believed to be the fastest growing population segment in USA (Shi & Singh, 2016). US Census Bureau (2012) states that between 2000-2009 there was a change in this population by 32% in comparison with the changes to the other group. The increasing number of this population indicates the need to understand and have more knowledge on how to care to this group for proper health care service to be given can be effective. The author also belongs to this group and will help expand the knowledge on this group’s cultural sensitivity and how it will affect with the care expected to be implemented to them.

Danis describes police officers as, “the gatekeepers to the criminal justice system.” They play an integral part in ensuring that domestic violence victims receive the help they need. Vidales argues that police officers can sometimes be seen as having a “casual attitude” towards domestic violence complaints, which can have a disproportionately negative effect on the poor and minority women who depend on them. Arrests for domestic violence in predominantly immigrant communities are less common than in non-immigrant communities. In one study conducted by Ammar, it was reported that a number of officers didn’t adhere to mandatory procedures, and many felt that the officers’ response was not effective. Immigrant victims of domestic violence are more likely to be arrested for acting violently in self-defense, because they are more vulnerable to police bias.