Aspirin Essay

Dyslipidemia is characterized by increased total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (LDL-C), triglyceride levels (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (HDL-C) (1). Most of the cholesterols in the body (60-70%) are transported to liver cells in the form of LDL-C through direct interaction with specific LDL receptors (1). Dietary intake of foods that are high in cholesterol and saturated fats (such as egg yolk, butter, fast food) activates a feedback mechanism which lowers the activity of LDL receptors. As a consequence, LDLs are no longer being efficiency recycled to the liver and plasma LDL levels increased dramatically (1). The excess circulating LDLs are able to migrate through endothelial

Mediterranean diet, a low-carbohydrate, high protein diet, a vegan diet and a vegetarian diet all of which to have shown to improve metabolic conditions. The degree of the improvement varies from patient to patient therefore, it is necessary to evaluate each patient based on their only needs and individual metabolic demands. It is recommended that patients with pre-diabetes be made aware of beneficial nutrition intervention. Knowing what diet is best for the patient can significantly help with the risks of developing diabetes type 2. Medical nutrition therapy plays a role at three levels, primary prevention, secondary and tertiary prevention. For the purpose of this paper primary prevention is observed to help aim in delaying or arresting the development of diabetes. Different types of diet have been shown to be associated with improvement in metabolic condition. Modest weight loss has been shown to improve insulin resistance so either a low carbohydrate, low-fat calorie-resistance, or Mediterranean diet may be effective in the short term (Khazrai et al.,

The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is causing huge health problem through out the world including developed countries. Mostly people with low income groups are affected in developed countries (Zimmet 2001).The magnitude of the healthcare problem of type 2 diabetes results mainly from its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Indeed, type 2 diabetes has now been identified as one manifestation of the “metabolic syndrome”, a condition characterised by insulin resistance and associated with a range of cardiovascular factors (Jonathan 2003)

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

Insulin is a hormone that is produced from what is known as the “islets of Langerhans”, discovered by German Histologist Paul Langerhans, and is required for the utilization of glucose in muscle cells for energy. If the muscles are deprived of glucose for energy conversion, the muscles begin to utilize fat for energy (Roth). This however has toxic side effects, such as the production of high blood levels of Ketone bodies or otherwise known as Acetone. In high quantities, Acetone will accumulate in the blood, leading to brain damage and the possibility of brain death (Roth).

The idea of recognizing fatness as one of the major factors causing diabetes has spread widely throughout different societies; however, within this context, there have been numerous gaps that could have been filled by taking the role of essential factors like genetics and family history into account. Instead, the stigma coming from the state of power in the society dictates that it is the physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and over nutrition which inevitably cause diabetes. Also, diabetes could happen to people in different range of age even in people who are considered healthy. As Darlene McNaughton mentions in her article, the so-called linkage between state of being fat and having diabetes demonstrate the evidence in an over-exaggerated way and in the same time devalue the significance and intricacy of this problem which is turning into a crisis in public health (2013, 81).

This research article is investigating whether or not insulin resistance has a negative effect on those with severe acne vulgaris. In the study administered in this research article, blood tests were given to compare two groups. The first being two hundred and forty-three individuals who were considered to have moderate to very severe acne vulgaris, based on global acne scores, the control group of one hundred and fifty-six ‘healthy’ individuals. When all of the blood tests were compared, the researchers found that there were no differences in the fasting blood glucose levels; however when compared, there was a significant higher level for fasting insulin levels (Nazan, 2015). All the values obtained were compared to the values of Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA)

(2011), Metformin, a biguanide, is the most popular first-line type 2 diabetes due to its mechanism of action commonly used to reduce hepatic glucose production. It is normally considered as weight-neutral with chronic use and also does not increase the risk of hypoglycemia. There may be some cardiovascular benefits from this drug but there is no strong clinical trial data (Inzucchi et al. 2012).

Diabetes and its complications account for significant healthcare costs in developed countries. The control of hyperglycemia forms the cornerstone in managing diabetes. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) has shown that improving blood sugars can result in reduction in onset of retinopathy, microalbuminuria and neuropathy. Follow up of the subjects in UKPDS after 10 years have shown a distinct improvement in outcomes like mortality, microvascular disease and macrovascular disease in subjects who were intensively controlled. Various classes of oral anti diabetic agents, insulin and GLP-1 agonists form the armamentarium against hyperglycaemia. Despite the availability of these agents, the overall control of hyperglycaemia remains suboptimal.

The clinical significance of metabolic syndrome (MS) is well defined and described since the 1920’s. The general conditions defines MS, and are part of the equation to determine the results from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP/ATP III) definition and from the Centers for Disease Control (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).

When it comes to pain relievers or analgesics “Tylenol” as commonly known by customers is part of several of the over the counter medications. The generic name is Acetaminophen or APAP, chemically named N-acetyl-p-aminophenol.

Human lifestyle has changed from being happy and easy going to acutely nerve-racking. It's its effects on the health and well being of each person all over the world. The diseases of only proven to strike people in their later years are now common through the ages. The rate of high blood pressure and diabetes among children is growing alarmingly. The primary reason for each one of these issues is bad food habits and stressful lifestyle. In this situation the insulin resistance diet comes as a life-saver.

Tylenol was the leading pain-killer medicine in the United States at the time. It was reported that

Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms and it is considered as one element of self-care 1. Several factors that lead to self-medication were quoted in the literature. The presence of chronic illness and older age were found to be associated with the consumption of over-the- counter drug and self-medication practice 2. Some individuals do not want to seek a medical help for minor illnesses and considered themselves have good experiences with self-medication3. Ramay et al reported that female visited the pharmacy more often than male to self-medicate and perceived little risk in its practice 4. In addition, literacy and public health education were identified

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.