Entomotoxic assay of nano-aluminum oxide and nano-zinc oxide against Sitophilus oryzae as a promising insecticide
By
El-Bendary,* H. M.; Abdel-Wahab, A. S.; El-Helaly, A. A.
* Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT
Rice is one of the most important food crops for more than half of the world 's population, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest of stored rice in Egypt. The use of nanoparticles as pesticide could be promising alternative strategy to affect pests which have become resistant to pesticides. Two nano materials nano aluminum oxide and nano zinc oxide were tested against rice weevil under laboratory and store conditions. Nano aluminum oxide was found to be highly effective against S. oryzae, while nano zinc oxide has lowered effectiveness against the weevil.
Results showed that mortality percentage of S. oryzae were 65.34 ± 8.9 and
58.58 ± 8.3 after treatment with 0.5 gm / kg, 100.00± 9.6 and 81.81 ± 4.2 with
1 gm / kg. The mortality scored with 2 gm / kg 100.0 ± 0.0 and 80.80 ± 2.3 after 14 days of treatment with nano aluminum oxide and nano zinc oxide, respectively as compared to 0.0 ± 0.0 in the control and 59.4 ± 3.2 with
Malathion at LC50 value. Newly emerged adults were checked 20,
The cultivation of rice has had an enormous impact on the natural biome. Rice has affected the natural biome that it is grown in, in a devastating way. It has caused the natural biomes to deteriorate and caused the natural way of life to collapse leaving no place for the native animals and plants. But what would happen if the cultivation of rice stopped and the natural biomes returned to their former glory? What would happen to all those people depending on rice for the next meal? Those who depend on rice to pay for and keep their families alive? This report looks at the where, effects, who and how of rice cultivation.
| Validity of experiments are normally high as the variables are controlled except for the variable being tested.
The terrible conditions for rice farming caused prices to increase and more deaths. For rice farming to be productive after major floods killing millions of people, new farming methods such as terraces to contain rain water spread to the rice. These terraces were only made because of the countless trees cut down during the nineteenth century. However, the COlumbian exchange provided population increase for other Asian countries due to potatoes, a plant used by those living in the Andes raw, and cooked, for food and for string. All the basic nutrients are provided in this starch, which allowed life expectancies to grow as well as
Hanley, Brian. "Sorry Greenpeace, Golden Rice Is a Win for Nutrition and Health."Http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/. N.p., 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 22 Sept. 2015. .
Chatterjee (2008) points out that the cheap rice imported from the USA caused Haitian national rice production to plummet. Because of advanced agricultural technology, American rice has many advantages such as lower price and higher nutrition. Large quantities food imports from the US
The experimental value was 36.6 grams which is close to the label content. However, if the value was rounded to 2 significant figures instead of 3 it would equal 37 grams. There was probably significant figure calculations that were a little off that resulted in this final answer. If more significant figures were used from the beginning of the lab until the end, the answer would have been more
2.43 at the first day to 0.88 μg/1 g tissue at the end of the end of the
2People in different parts of the world choose different staple foods. That is because different foods grow more easily in different places. In wet, warm places, rice grows well. Rice is the primary staple food for over half of the world’s population. In cooler places, wheat grows well. Farmers must be able to easily grow a staple food so that the food does not cost much money to buy.
While this observation was important to note, there is a larger biological underpinning present in the connection and comparison between the experimental and the control treatments. In
arelden rice is said to be the cure for this problem for the many people who depend on rice for its major food. This rice is said to prevent death and blindness. The development of golden rice was, it seemed compelling and inspiring evidence that genetically modified crops were the answer to malnutrition on hunger. All the companies that deal with do with genetically modified foods spent millions on ads and marketing campaigns. Within a few months the biotech industry has spent far more money on ads than on actually developing golden rice. These companies only care about publicity and getting people to believe that genetically modified foods are the answer rather than ending world hunger. Notwithstanding, we have learned that the golden rice that was supposed to help millions of kids who die every year can not grow in the kinds of soil it must to be of value to help with the hunger. To grow properly, it requires heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides, these are expensive and unaffordable for the people that need it the most. It also needs plenty of water, which might not be capable in places that need it and where farmers cannot afford irrigation. If they actually wanted to help they would have given them the millions of dollars they spent on ads to them to spend of
90% of all rice is grown in asia, in irrigated and upland areas of not only asia but west africa and central and south america. The rice in these countries are grown close to equator in grasslands areas the reason grasslands are used for farming of rice is because it's a perfect mix of cool and hot climates which is great for growth and they are predominantly large and expansive biomes perfect for growing crops on a large scale. It can be grown up to and around 3000 meters
Rice was one of the earliest crops planted in Australia by British settlers, who had experience with rice plantations in the Americas and the subcontinent.Although rice growing in Australia is highly profitable due to the cheapness of land, several recent years of severe drought have led many to call for its elimination because of its effects on extremely fragile aquatic ecosystems.
Reference values are considered healthy values established after testing a large group of healthy people. The reference value for this test is <0.5 mcg/mL. Reference values may vary
Water scarcity affects more than 23 million hectares of rained rice growing in many countries. Drought affects rice production in Australia, China, USA, and other countries
In 1990, the rice is grown around 520 million tons in 112 countries and 95 percent of them were produced and consumed in Asia (Chang). The rice in Asian culture is not just cereal, but it’s part of their lives. It serves their meal almost everyday on their dining table. Oryza sativa is a species of monocot plants and known as Asian rice. The grain was spread started from South Asia to Southeast Asia and East Asia.