Assay of Oil-Degrading Potential of Fungi Isolates on Diesel, Kerosene and Petrol Using Enrichment Method.

Oil Pollution in Earth’s oceans is a tremendous problem the environment, organisms, and humans are facing today. Pollution from petroleum products are extremely toxic to many marine organisms, including microorganisms that are the support of the aquatic food chain. Oil is a substance that can disperse under and across the surface of water for thousands of meters. Shorelines are left covered with this oil and it can be hard to remove (Friedland). The United States depends enormously on oil. On average, the United States uses 793 million gallons of oil per day, with a cost of $2 billion dollars each day. It is the world’s biggest oil consumer. The combined oil consumption of Japan, Russia, China, and India are far way less than that of the U.S (“The Great Invisible Discussion Guide”). Burning oil produces a big amount of greenhouse gases. It is “the largest single fuel of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S” (“The Great Invisible Discussion Guide”). Having dependence on oil can have significant costs, including an increased risk of oil spills. One of the biggest oil leaks occurred in 2010. It happened in an offshore platform on a BP operation in the Gulf of Mexico (Friedland).

Even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. These oil degrading indigenous microorganisms played a significant role in reducing the overall environmental impact of both the Exxon Valdez and BP Deepwater Horizon oil spills. When oil is highly dispersed in the water column and where microbial populations are well adapted to hydrocarbon exposure, such as in the Gulf of Mexico waters, oil proceeds very rapidly. Once the BP Deepwater Horizon oil leak began, the public and media started to compare it to the Exxon Valdez spill which had been up until that time the largest marine spill in

Some hydrocarbon degraders produce biosurfactants, which act as natural dispersants. This is an important characteristic among microbial communities that utilize hydrocarbons. Since oil is water insoluble, biosurfactants are important for regulating attachment to the oil. Biosurfactants are compounds that attract both lipids and water, and reduce the surface tension between the two. This aids in the breakdown of the lipid molecules into smaller droplets, thus increasing the amount of bacteria able to come in contact with the lipid, allowing for increased degradation[5]

The main difference in the ability of both organisms is that prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria are much easier to grow and work with compared to eukaryotic organisms. However, eukaryotic organisms like fungi contain a wide variety of enzymes to help in breaking down the molecules of crude oil. Unlike bacteria such as the Alcanivorax Borkumensis which usually only feed

In this essay the advantages and limitations of bioremediation, biostimulation, and biofermentation with regard to environmental factors will be discussed and evaluated. Ship pollution is a huge source of ocean pollution, the most devastating effect of which is oil spills ("Causes and Effects of Ocean Pollution”). Ship contamination is a gigantic wellspring of sea contamination, the most crushing impact of which is oil Spills. Unrefined petroleum goes on for a considerable length of time in the ocean and is amazingly lethal to marine life, regularly choking out marine creatures to death once it ensnares them. Raw Petroleum spills are extremely hard to clean up, when it is separated it is there to remain. What 's more, numerous boats lose a huge number of boxes every year because of tempests, crises, and mischances. This results in noise pollution, algae, and ballast water.

The Post Hoc multiple comparison in Table 5 shows that among the three bacterial cocktails, the most potent is PAECI-003. This is supported with the p value of the three different bacterial cocktails; this signifies that in the Null hypothesis of the study only the PAECI-003 bacterial cocktail should be rejected. Remarkably, the result of bacterial count supports that the number of bacteria is a factor to degrade the hydrocarbon present in a controlled amount. Generation time of the bacteria is also considered as a factor as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii doubling time is 45 and 48 minutes respectively (Moffatt, Harper, Harrison, Hale, & Vinidradov, 2010). The result also showed that the PAECI-003, which is a bacterial cocktail

This study focused on the affects of crude oil in the soil of a growing Brassica rapa plant. Different variations of concentration of crude oil in the soil were used, as well as soil without crude oil, and a soil with an unknown concentration of crude oil. The study took place in a greenhouse in the science department of Birmingham-Southern college. The plants were monitored and measured for a total of 21 days. Over the span of the 21 days, obvious differences were noted in the growth of the different plants. In the end, plants with 20% crude oil or less were the most successful plants in growth—5% crude oil with the highest mean plant growth of 47.81 mm—leading to the conclusion that a little amount of crude oil in the soil, to an extent, was beneficial to the Brassica rapa plants’ growth.

Over the past ten years, the Institute of Gas Technology, now Gas Technology Institute (GTI), USA and others have conducted research on the bioremediation of organic contaminants in soil. Most of this work has been associated with remediation of former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) sites, soils from industrial areas and oil production areas have also been studied. The results have shown that: (1) organic contaminants are biodegraded by indigenous soil microorganisms to a concentration that no longer decreases, or that decreases very slowly, with continued treatment; (2) reductions below this concentration are limited by the availability of the contaminants to the microorganisms; and (3) the residual contaminants that remain after biological

The method of bioremediation being used in this paper is by mixing bioaugmentation which is when the subsurface of contaminated soil or groundwater have specific cultured organisms added to allow the process of biodegrading to occur (Regenesis, 2017). Biostimulation is where contaminated soil or groundwater will have a limiting nutrient added to enhance microbial growth within the contaminated source (Adams, 2015) and comparing it to natural attenuation which, is when a natural process within the soil helps to meditate and clean the contaminants within the soil or groundwater (Fiedler, 2017).

With the asphaltenes having the greatest decreased for the bioremediation soil (Manli Wu, 2017). Looking at these results and comparing it, it is understood that the aliphatic fraction has the most effect on TPH removal and is greatly reliant on it (Manli Wu, 2017). Thus, helping to remediate the contamination of petroleum.

In addition, burning is not always feasible even for surface oil 10. Dispersants will increase the concentration of oil components such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column and can increase toxicity to aquatic organisms11, 12. Although biological methods are completely mineralize oil, it is generally a slow process, taking months to occur13. Due to these limitations of currents traditional methods, new technologies including nanotechnology 14, 15 have been developed.

“Oil is a naturally stirring multipart mixture made up primarily of hydrocarbon mixtures and normally contains substantial quantities of nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen together with smaller amounts of nickel, vanadium, and numerous components. Oil compounds can occur in solid form as asphalt, liquid form as crude oil and/or gaseous form as natural gas. Petroleum hydrocarbons could be divided into four classes: saturates (pentane, hexadecane, octacosane, cyclohexane), aromatics (naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzene, pyrene), asphaltenes (phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and porphyrins), and resins (pyridines, quinolines, carbazoles, sulfoxides and amides)”. : P 78-79

Introduction: After the oil spills, we do not just leave it there to be encompassed around the world. (Add a “transitioning sentence here to the next sentence)To clean up the oil spill, there are many techniques in practice today such as situ burning– where they burn the oil or they may use a process that contains the oil and then vacuum it off the surface of the water. However, all of these processes take a long time to do and by the time before anyone could service the control of the oil spill, the oil has already spread many miles across the ocean making the problem even more difficult to contain. Also, processes like situ burning release toxic fumes into the atmosphere making CO2 emissions in the water start to skyrocket. Fortunately, there is a better, cheaper, and more efficient way of cleaning up oil spills that should be implemented immediately. By using waste hair from humans or animals that come from salons, barbers, groomers, etc., this hair will be weaved into mats and can be used to clean up oil spills. Our hair naturally absorbs oil which is why our hair is always oily all the time. (Explain how our sweat glands react with our hair) Then, once the hair has performed in soaking up the oil, this hair is biodegradable. All you have to do is put some mushrooms on it, let it ferment, and you have nice rich soil full of nutrients for plants to grow. (Really Rishe?

Another definition of sludge - A dense, slushy, liquid-to-semifluid product that accumulates as an end result of an

The significance of oil and natural gas in modern civilization is well known. Nevertheless, like most production activities, oil and gas production processes generate large volumes of liquid waste. Discharging produced water can pollute surface and underground water and soil. As regards the significant matter of environmental concern, many countries have implemented more stringent regulatory standards for discharging produced water. Because large volumes of produced water are being generated, many countries with oilfields are increasingly focused on efforts to find efficient and cost-effective treatment methods to remove pollutants as a way to protect their limited fresh water resources. In this research I will give information about environmental impacts caused by produced water, current produced water management practices, produced water quality characterization