Assessing Aphasia Within The Constructs Of The Who Icf Model

The Medical Model is best summarised by referring to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps developed by the World Health Organisation in 1980. The classification makes the following distinctions:

Looking back in the past, there have been many features, and true definitions of the word disability. In the 1970s a group called the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation defined disability as the disadvantage or restriction of activity cased by social organizations. U.S disability activists made efforts during the 1970s to form different alliances with the disability community, that protested for the inclusion of disability discrimination under the Rehabilitation act. Thereafter there was a medial model at looking at disability, that views disability as an individual shortfall. In

Society often focuses on what a person lacks in terms of disability and focuses on condition or illness or a person’s lack of ability. Medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way

However, the social model concerns what happens after their medical disabilities have been told to them, with their changed environment. For example, someone in a wheelchair will not be able to walk up the stairs without help. There are many alternative views that suggest that some occupational therapists have been less aggressive, but have instead pushed an occupational focus to the background of practice, in favour of the most important features in the medical model. This shows that some therapists have forgotten their true identity and what their job is and instead have been following the Medical Models and not focusing on the client’s occupations. On the other hand, Craddock questioned the social model by stating: "The holistic approach of treating the whole person in the context of his or her environment has not required us to challenge the official definition of all our interventions as treatment"(Craddock 1996, p.76). Craddock is questioning the social model, claiming that it is not doing anything to help the person’s disability but is instead trying to show that it only comes with environmental struggles. Another model, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is used to "Provide a scientific basis for understanding and studying

The languages available for this measure include English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Hindi, Finnish, and Greek.

The degree of ability or disability may vary over time and across different life domains. Furthermore, continued disability has been linked to institutionalization, discrimination and social exclusion as well as to the inherent effects of disorders. Alternatively, functioning may be affected by the stress of having to hide a condition in work or school etc., by adverse effects of medications or other substances, or by mismatches between illness-related variations and demands for

Disability in a socio-cultural context can be defined as "a barrier to participation of people with impairments or chronic illnesses arising from an interaction of the impairment or illness with discriminatory attitudes, cultures, policies or institutional practices" (Booth, 2000). The traditional view of disability often focuses on the individual, highlighting incapacities or failings, a defect, or impairment. This focus creates obstacles to participation on equal terms since an individual who seems to lack certain capacities may not be able to attain autonomy.

Also, this definition affirms the importance of cultural differences when determining intellect. This means that diversity has influential consequences for the individual,which needs to be taken into considered in defining the disability. Furthermore, there is a necessity to examine strengths along with the assistance the individual needs in order to function. This definition is different from previous ones because it takes into account culture and strengths of the individual. Each of these characteristics has an impact on individuals and needs to be considered when defining their particular intellectual

The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies that the conditions in which people live and work directly affect the quality of their health. Some of these social determinants of health are more readily recognized, whereas others like disability-related health disparities lack similar recognition. While some people are born with a disability, others develop a disability such as dementia and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in their later stages of life.

One-fifth of the estimated global total, or between 110 million and 190 million people, experience significant disabilities.” Worldbank is an organization that works in areas of development and they help countries share knowledge and solutions to challenges (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability). In addition to Worldbanks` statistical data on the number of people with disabilities in the U.S., per Serviceandinclusion.org, “an estimated 48.9 million people, or 19.4% of the non-institutionalized civilians, have a disability. An estimated 24.1 million people have a severe disability. An estimated 34.2 million people, or 17.5%, have a functional limitation.

Models such as the religious model, the medical/genetic model and the social/human rights model have had a huge impact on the way people with impairments are treated within society. Out of all the models the main model is the medical model, this model ascended together with and was fully sustained by the advances in sciences and medicine. The power was given to the medical professions to order the lives of those with impairments, (BRAIN.HE, 2006).

Before we get too involved in the midst of this paper however, it should first be made clear what is meant by the term “disability.” According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization (WHO) the medical and social

What do you think of when you hear the word “disability”? Do you think of individuals who need extra resources? Or do you think of individuals who are limited by society? The topic of people with disabilities is often controversially. Some individuals take the firm stance that labeling a person as “disabled” can be helpful as it ensures that individual that they will get the extra resources they need to have the best quality of life. On the other hand, people take the stance that the term “disability” should be eliminated because it leads to social stigma and individual who do suffer from health, whether it is physical or mental, complications are often given less opportunities because they have been labeled as “disabled.” Especially because some individuals are targeted as being “sick” when they are healthy, which

Health promotion has been defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve it. This process requires personal participation and supportive environments. For people with disabilities, however, personal participation is often limited by non-supportive environments. Lack of knowledge on how to modify programs to meet specific needs, poor attitudes, and unfriendly environments often creates insurmountable barriers to participation for many people with disabilities. While innovative medical technology has increased the life span of individuals with disabilities, little attention has focused on improving their health span. The reportedly high incidence of chronic secondary conditions seen in persons

According to the Americans With Disabilities Act, an individual with a disability is a person who has a physical or mental impairment that significantly limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment (Anon. 1999). When evaluating disability there are numerous perspectives on it; medical, social, and person centered perspective. Each perspective has its individual ways of addressing the concept of disability.