Assessment Of Perineal Pain On Women Experience During The Postnatal Period

For the purpose of this study, a retrospective cohort design will be implemented in the form of longitudinal study. Retrospective cohort studies are a type of observational study. It utilises a retrospective cohort methodological approach. Retrospective cohort studies use data that have already been collected for studies with similar

Barratt, H., Kirwan, M. (2009) Design, Application, Strengths & Weaknesses of Cross-Sectional Studies [Online]. Available from: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk

This study, based on the research that was done and the resources used, is reliable. The study itself is dated, from 1997 and from the University of Toronto, however, it seems to be consistent with recent American resources I have found. The goal of this study is to see if women in the medical field experience

There are substantial benefits to both mother and baby in the provision of epidural analgesia for labour including pain relief, during prolonged labour,

Researchers in this study included 150 particpants, 137 (91%) of which were women, and 13 (9%) were male, in the convenience sample. There was no attrition or power analysis reported.

This is a study that focused on eighty-three women and examined the effects of cultural and educational influences on the pain in childbirth. The eighty-three women are divided into Middle-Eastern women and Western women. The women ranged in ages from nineteen to thirty-eight. There were thirty people from the Western group and that consisted of women whose mothers were born in Europe, the US or another English speaking country. There were fifty-three women from the Middle Eastern Group and that consisted of women whose mothers were born in Asia, North African or another Middle Eastern countries. The women were classified by the cultures but were also classified by their level education. Those who had twelve years or less of schooling were in the low education group. Those women who had more than twelve years of schooling were in the high education group. In the Western group sixty-six percent were in the high education group. While the Middle Eastern group only had thirty-three point nine percent in the high education group.

A traditional vaginal labor video was shown to the class. The mother in the video was positioned in the supine position with her feet in stirrups. “The birthing book presented to the class offers several relaxing/pain management strategies: changing positions, warm water bath, touch massage, rhythmical breathing techniques, double hip squeeze, birthing ball, and aroma therapy” (Moran,

Purpose: The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Turkish version, and to assess test-retest reliability and validity of the Pelvic Girdle Pain Questionnaire uses for assessing condition-specific health related quality of life in pregnants with pelvic girdle pain. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five women with pelvic girdle pain were recruited in the study. Translation/retranslation of the English version of the PGQ was done blindly and independently by the 4 physiotherapists and adapted. Construct validity of the Turkish version of the instrument was measured by comparing the Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Nottingham Health

These new developments in medical and nursing research concludes that the previous beliefs regarding infant pain perception in preterm and term neonates have led to inadequate pain relief in these populations during painful procedures in the hospital environment. This means that many infants undergo procedures where they experience prolonged exposure to pain or multiple exposures to painful stimuli. This has been known to cause a hyperalgesia effect in which the neonate will have a more vigorous response to the painful stimulus compared to previous responses (Murkis & Subramanian, 2011). It is important to address the neonatal pain response during painful procedures because it would be unethical to continue to perform such procedures without utilizing adequate pain reduction measures.

There are many different factors that a mother in labor can experience that can impact the postpartum period. These factors differ for every pregnant woman such as the invasiveness of procedures that occur, the interventions that are put in place to alleviate pain, and expectant outcomes that change how the postpartum period is experienced. One procedure that this patient experienced was a cesarean section. This procedure is quite invasive and can have a difficult healing process associated with it. Common concerns of the mothers about her body and newborn can be dominated by pain at the incision site and abdominal discomfort (Lowdermilk et. al., 2016, p. 792). Women who undergo a cesarean section also have to deal with increased tenderness

Pharmacological comfort measures can provide partial or complete pain relief. The epidural is the most efficient way of reducing labor pain. Opioids can be given continuously or in intermittent doses at the patient 's request or through the patient controlled pump. There is the potential for these drugs to have some effect on the fetus, such as breathing difficulties that may require assistance through the use of Narcan. Providing pain relief during the labor process is solely the patient’s choice, and as the nurse only support and encouragement should be given for however she chooses to handle the pain. (Jansen, Gibson, Bowles, & Leach, 2013)

The information gained from the study by Laughon et al., (2014) reports that of 103,415 women, 76% of them had an epidural and 6.7% of those women endured a prolonged labor. Although the number of women to experienced prolonged labor from the analgesia was small, those women experienced more issues like chorioamnionitis, post partum hemorrhage, and larger tears or episiotomy’s than those without the prolonged labor. Other research articles discovered that analgesia did not have an effect on the length of

Childbirth is a beautiful thing. After the hours of labor, there is nothing more special than having the newly mother able to hold her child the minute after it’s born. It makes the pain that you had just experienced go away because all that matters in the world is that newborn child in your arms. During labor, every woman has her own experience but one common experience is the pain. According to Kitzinger (1978) “Labor pain can have negative or positive meaning, depending on whether the child is wanted, the interaction of the laboring woman with those attending her, her sense of ease or dis-ease in the environment provided for birth, her relationship with the father of her child and her attitude to her body throughout the reproductive

Central Idea: Pain management is an important aspect of childbirth that women need to educate themselves on so they can make an informed decision when choosing which method they will use.

Childbirth can be described as one of the most rewarding and also painful experiences in a woman’s life. Most women choose some type of method to ease pain, however, there has been a lot of controversy over with pain management method is the most effective. According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control), In 2013, there were 3,932,181 births recorded in the United States, 32.7% of those births were surgical procedures. In 2012, 1.36% of recorded births occurred out-of-hospital, meaning these births took place mostly in homes or birthing centers. Without the option of medicine that a hospital provides, how were these women able to manage their pain during labor and delivery. There are many different methods for easing pain during childbirth, some methods involve the use of medicine and surgery, and others include natural techniques, such as hypnosis, Lamaze, and many others. It is a personal preference of the parents over which method is right for the needs of the mother and child. This can be an overwhelming decision for new parents to make because they have to take into consideration the safety of the mother and child, pain management for the mother and desire for medical involvement.