Essay about Assigning Liability for Malicious Internet Traffic

America’s cyberwar seems to backfire on its own billion-dollar companies. California-based energy firm that’s among the biggest corporation in the world, admitted that they discovered the Stuxnet worm on their systems back in 2010. But officials claim that the virus did not have any adverse effects, which generated a quarter of a trillion dollars in revenue during 2011. As soon as Chevron identified the infection, it was taken care of immediately, the officials claim. But it wouldn’t be right to say that other targets might be lucky because the computer worm’s complex coding means it might be a while before anyone else becomes aware of the damage.

Since the onset of the first packet switching event that many believe to be beginning of the internet, no other technology besides the printing press has ever transformed the ability to deliver information. Although the internet is used by a large percentage of the civilized world, few Americans realize how vital cyberspace is to our national infrastructure. Today, we are faced with even more threats although it has been a recognized problem since 2009, when President Barrack Obama said “The cyber threat is one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation. It’s also clear that we’re not as prepared as we should be, as a government or as a country (Obama, 2009).” Every industry that operates in the United States is dependent on the internet for some aspect of their business. Commerce, transportation, financial institutions, military, as well as industrial control systems are all interconnected. This interconnectedness has created vulnerabilities within their infrastructure that have increasingly become targets of terrorists, script kiddies, foreign governments and hackers of all types.

De Villiers, Meiring. 2010. Information Security Standards and Liability. Journal of Internet Law 13.7 Retrieved from

Times have changed what was known as organized crime has been replaced by Cybercrimes (Heists: Cybercrimes with Ben Hammersley). Cybercrimes have risen dramatically in recent years and have become a major issue the United States and company’s face today jeopardizing as well as threatening the critical infrastructure of America (Cyberwar Threat, 2005). Sadly, the status quo of cyber security is very unstable with the advancements and growth which has put most individuals and businesses into an enormous threat (Agustina, 2015).

Who would poison the water supply? This article illustrates how the researchers did not expect the security issues as their view of the internet expected "good" users and not malicious ones. What they expected of society was not what they saw. This flaw in humanity to be malicious or just make viruses for fun exploited a flaw in the design. It is difficult to examine the outcome as not all humans are alike. You expect the best case user but will end with worst case users. You cannot safeguard against a problem you did not

As previously stated, cybercrime is a market with exponential growth. Cyber attack written premium growth is expected to rise from $1 billion in 2015 to $5 billion in 2018. Scalable cyber insurance is important, as smaller business will likely increase as their vulnerabilities become more apparent to cyber hackers. However, coverage for the cybercrime market is in its early stages, making underwriting difficult as there is little data to base prices on. Through October 4, 2016, 725 data breaches have occurred, affecting more than 29 million records. Medical and healthcare breaches account for 37% of the breaches and 48% of the records affected. Travelers is positioned well to leverage opportunities during the demand surge of cyber protection among businesses. External cybersecurity risks will be the main driver of the cyber insurance market. External hackers breaking into company databases, adding ransomware and leaking private

For example, when a bank customer calls the bank about the situation the bank customer lose productivity because the might have to take time off from work. Additionally, the bank customer has to tell the bank about how the attack happened and fill in paperwork. The estimated losses in productivity are between $1 and $10,000. Productivity can be the only loss for the bank customer but if a bank customer chooses to sue the bank there will be additional losses because of lawyer fees. The estimated losses for fine and judgments are between $0 and $10,000. However, the most likely estimated loss is at $0 because most bank customers are satisfied enough with getting reimbursed their losses.

Cyber Crime is described as criminal activity committed via use of electronic communications with respect to cyber fraud or identity theft through phishing and spoofing. There are many other forms of cyber-crime also such as harassment, pornography etc. via use of information technology.

In the previous five years, cybersecurity has turned into the most looked for after calling around the world. More than 90 percent of respondents to an overview directed by the Ponemon Institute (2011) detailed being a casualty to cyberattacks amid the most recent year, costing all things considered more than $2 million for each association. This number keeps on ascending as the two programmers and security devices progress. As indicated by PwC, roughly 33% of all U.S. organizations are as of now utilizing digital protection (Lindros and Tittel, 2016).

Technology is great in so many ways. It has provided us with more communication access, access to knowledge at our finger tips, and so much more. Technology has overall made life easier, but maybe too easy, and has made things a lot less private. This results in us having to be extra careful with security on the internet. Internet security is important to protect our privacy, protect us from fraud, and from viruses that could destroy a piece of our technology. Internet privacy and security may be different but share a responsibility, but it is up to us to take personal responsibility to protect ourselves on the internet. We should pick unique, carful passwords, and never share this sensitive information, and encrypt our data when online.

By the year of 2016, investments in online security are expected to reach $86bn (Contu et al, 2012). Although this might seem a large sum of money, it is considered necessary since there is an increase in online risks from all over the world. Professional hackers develop malware on a global scale and on a 24/7 basis. Hackers have five objectives when spreading malware over the Internet: to infect/distribute, to steal, to persist, to control and for intelligence (Morris, 2010).

Cyber Security also called computer security and IT security, is the assurance of data from theft or any harm to the gadget, the product and information stored on hardware. It incorporates controlling physical access to the equipment and additionally ensuring against code or data injection or via network access.

Cybercrime has become a fast growing concern for the 21st century as businesses, institutions and individuals grow into an interconnected web of computer networks. Online business transactions, along with the sharing of personal information, are vulnerable to a host of disasters that can reap economic and social havoc. Some sources say that today, cybercrime costs more than $1.0 trillion to society--Global Industry Analysts, Inc. forecasted the world cyber security market to reach $80 billion by 2017 (Gale, 2011).

The Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines cyber security measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorized access or attack Most people think that hackers are just people that want to mess up your computer, but real hackers break into systems because they want to see what they can do, then they might leave a message on the victims computer, but that’s it. So, the computer security people protect from those other hackers that want to mess up peoples computers. The means we take can as individual to protect ourselves in the cyber world is be anyomous on websites, don’t post your personal information ,have virus protection install on your computer, get spy

There has been extensive work on detecting malicious mobile app. Literature cite{felt2011survey} gave a survey of mobile malware in the wild and analyzed the incentives behind 46 pieces of iOS, Android, and Symbian malware. Literature cite{amamra2012smartphone} classified malicious mobile app detection method based on 3 rules: reference behaviour, analysis approach and malware behaviour representation and divided smartphone malware detection techniques into two main classes: signature-based and anomaly-based. Literature cite{idika2007survey} examined 45 malware detection techniques which are instructive for malicious mobile app detection. In this section, we mainly focus on behavior-based malware