Assignment 3: Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in England during the 18th Century. This revolution started out in England, and spread throughout Europe and North America. Many technologic and agricultural advances were made during this time. Factories became the main source of production, rather than in home workers. This resulted in many people living in rural areas to move into industrialized cities, which was called rural to urban migration. The Industrial Revolution started in England due to its supply of natural resources, advanced technology and inventions, and political freedom.

The Industrial Revolution was the development of industry that occurred in Britain and Europe or the USA between the years 1750 to 1900. It introduced the development of machinery. It was characterised by the use of steam power, growth of factories, and mass production of manufactured goods. The steam train used to transport people or goods over long distances on land.

The Industrial Revolution began in the late 1700’s through the early 1900’s. Labor was big because there were a lot of people with right skill. Natural resources were used because there was economic value. Also, they had lots of coal for steam power and they had iron to make tools. Another example was that they had wealthy people to invest. The Industrial Revolution was all about rapid changes in how the product were made and sold using machines.

Prior to 1948, an assortment of inconsequential laws were in place to govern water pollution. One example of this could be found in the Rivers and Harbors Appropriations Act of 1899 under a section titled the Refuse Act. While this was specifically written towards the prevention of dumping materials that may interfere with boating, it did indirectly lessen the pollution of waterways (Digest of Federal Resource Laws 2015). During these times, the ridding of waste into channels of water was viewed as the most practical method. Water pollution was beginning to becoming visibly troublesome, however World War II became a more pressing issue of that time (Berry 1969). After the war ended, the contamination of lakes, tributaries, and rivers, including the Mighty Mississippi, continued to evolve as a health and environmental hazard.

The Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th centuries. It was a period primarily agricultural, rural cultures in Europe and America became a manufacturing and urban. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which started in Britain in the late 1700s, engineering was often done in folks’ homes, using hand utensils or simple machinery. Mechanization marked a change to motorized, special-purpose technology, workshops, and quantity construction. The iron and fabric businesses, along with the expansion of the steam engine, played crucial roles in the Industrial Revolution, which also saw better-quality systems of transport, communication, and banking.

Gross, Joel M, and Lynn Dodge. Clean Water Act. [Chicago]: Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, American Bar Association, 2005.

The industrial revolution was a very important time in America. It was a period of social, industrial, and agricultural change. It began in the late 1700s. Britain’s industrial revolution happened before Americas because they had more natural resources to begin making machines. The first industry that began the revolution was the textile industry. All work in the textile industry was done by hand and was usually very time consuming and difficult.

Water pollution, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund, “happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed.”1 In 1948, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act was passed by congress, but was later amended in 1972 in response to great public outcry—this amended document is what is now known as the Clean Water Act.2 Despite these national efforts, in a report released by the Environment America Research & Policy Center in 2014, Virginia was listed as one of the top five states with the largest discharge of toxic substances into waterways, documented at over eleven million pounds.3 Furthermore, in a 2014 report conducted by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, it was found that the water pollution has spread throughout sixteen-thousand miles of the state’s rivers.4

These cleanups are required by federal and state laws passed in the last two decades mostly in response to public concern that drinking contaminated ground water may cause cancer or other illnesses. The laws require that, in most instances, the contaminated ground water be restored to a condition that meets state and federal drinking water standards. Businesses and government agencies paying for the cleanups are calling for reconsideration of whether returning all contaminated ground water to drinking water standards is a realistic goal. At the same time, public interest groups are advocating maximum protection of the public's right to a safe water supply in places where there is

The exponential growth of human population, caused an unprecedented problem for the global ecosystem. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012) The increase in pollution brought upon great fear and concern about what types of contaminants were in the foods and water supply for citizens. In 1977, the Clean Water Act was passed, the act ensured that any release of pollutants at toxic levels into any water source was forbidden. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012) It allowed for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set guidelines and standards for how pollutants were emptied in navigable waters. (Carolina EcoKits, 2012)

The main body of the law currently in force is based on the Federal amendments on Water Pollution Control 1972 and has significantly expanded from the initial Federal amendments 1948. The main changes were approved in the Clean Water Act of 1977 and the Law on Water Quality of 1987.

The Clean Water Act (CWA) founds the elementary structure for regulating releases of contaminants into the water bodies of the US and also for surface waters it regulates quality standards. The origin of the CWA was passed in 1948 and was named the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, then the Act was suggestively reorganized and prolonged in 1972. as "Clean Water Act" this became the Act 's communal name after amendments in 1972.Further down to CWA, EPA has applied other pollution control agendas such as for industry, the setting wastewater standards. We similarly have set some water quality standards for all pollutants in surface waters.

Enacted in 1972, the Clean Water Act was formulated with the goals of putting the end to the discharging of high quantities of contaminated materials into water resources, and further prevent pollution of water , and making sure that surface waters met the standards needed to support human and agricultural usage. Essentially, the Clean Water Act stipulates the fundamental structure used in the regulation of discharges of toxic pollutants into water resources of the US and ensuring conformance of quality standards for groundwater (Environmental Protection Agency). The Clean Water Act was draws based on the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948, which was later developed and revised in 1972 to the Clean Water Act. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to implement programs to control pollution example being the establishment of standards for wastewater discharge for various industries. In addition, the CWA establishes the water quality standards applicable to all groundwater contaminants. The Clean Water Act makes it illegal to unload any contaminant material from a point source into navigable water bodies without acquiring permit from EPA. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit program, under the EPA, helps in controlling discharges (Environmental Protection

The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and technology went through a period of significant change. These changes had a profound impact on the social and cultural conditions of the time, beginning in the Untied Kingdom and spreading throughout Western Europe, North America, and

There primary function of Clean Water Act is to devise the fundamental structure to control expulsion of polluted material into the U.S waters and implementing quality principles for surface water. In the light of this Act, several pollution control programs have been implemented by Environmental Protection Agency comprising developing standards against water wastage for manufacturing firms (Stern & Kollikkathara, 2008). It has also defined principles interrelated to quality of water for all pollutants in surface water. Clean Water Act states, it’s illegal to dispose off any contaminant from any point source into negotiable water without any legal authorization.