Assignment 4: Women's Health Assessment

An incompetent cervix is a condition that occurs when weak cervical tissue contributes to premature birth or miscarriage. The cervix is the lowest part of the uterus, which is normally closed. As pregnancy progresses and women prepare to give birth, the cervix gradually softens, decreases in length and opens. In the case of incompetence cervix, cervix might open too early, then causes miscarriage or premature birth. Sign and symptoms of incompetence cervix normally occur in between 14 to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Sign and symptoms of the condition include a sensation of pelvic pressure, backache, mild abdominal cramps, change in vaginal discharge and light vaginal bleeding.

Patient is a 64-year-old female via the ED on 2/10/2016 following a Code grey NIHSS score 1 no tPA given

Miscarriage is not well clearly understood ,it mostly occur in first trimester of pregnancy in which embryo is not developing as it should which is cause by chromosomes abnormality in the baby .It may be cause by many other factors which includes;Exposure to environmental workplace such as radiations and toxic agents,Hormonal Imbalances,Uterine abnormalities, Dysfunction of Cervix,life style factors such as drinking Alcohol, Smoking,Or using illegal Drugs, Uncontrollable Diabeties, Severe malnutrion.

We are dispatched to a patient “Mrs A” who is 7 weeks into her pregnancy. Mrs A has experienced some brown PV spotting. During most pregnancies this is regarded as normal and will usually occur around the same time that Mrs A period would occur. This may last for up to two days. Studies have suggested that this could be caused by hormones that control Mrs A’s menstrual cycle, triggering the bleeding known as breakthrough bleeding. Alternatively, it could be the fertilised egg embedding into the uterus lining causing bleeding (implantation bleeding). Unfortunately, bleeding in early pregnancies can also be a sign of a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. Mrs A’s bleeding has recently turned to bright red and this has increased to a 20cm size

Mrs. Gold, a G3P2 woman at thirty-nine weeks gestation, who participates on group prenatal visits, arrives at Labor and Delivery having contractions every four to five minutes. A fetal heart tones strip is obtained and interpreted as reactive. Digital cervical exam revels the cervix dilated to 5cm, 80% effaced, the fetus is at 1 station and positive fetal vertex. Review of the birth plan reveals that the patient has requested a natural labor with no blood transfusions due to her belief system, and a plan is negotiated for the third stage of labor. The patient is admitted with intermitted fetal monitoring. Blood pressure is 145/98 but no signs or symptoms of eclampsia. After the fetus develops late decelerations and the mother is found hypotensive 90/40, and IV fluid bolus is recommended, but the patient declines the intervention citing her belief system, and the student learns how to approach a patient declining medical advice for personal reasons. Cervix completely dilated and effaced and the fetal vertex is at +1 station, left occiput anterior. After a normal delivery, Apgar’s score nine - one minute, cord clamping at 2 minutes, and cord

Signs and symptoms, as listed by Mayo Clinic, include rapid uterine growth, dark brown or bright red vaginal bleeding, severe nausea/vomiting, passing clots, rare pelvic pain, high BP, and anemia.

The main symptoms that occurred in the initial case study for us to distinguish this as an ectopic pregnancy was the nausea, traces of blood in the urine, and the abdominal pelvic pain. Abdominal pelvic pain occurs in ectopic pregnancy because the zygote falls into the fallopian tube instead of implanting itself into the uterus. The patient then took a physical exam in which some irregular results were found. The patient had sharp pains running through the abdomen and swelling of the lower right quadrant. These symptoms correlate with an ectopic pregnancy in that the fertilized egg could be implanted in the abdominal area. Also, in the physical exam, endometrial bleeding was discovered which is typically found early on in a pregnancy. Lastly, the physical exam showed that there were enlarged nodes in the submandibular, axillary, and inguinal regions. These irregular results lead us to believe that there is an abnormality in the pregnancy. In the blood chemistry panel, two results were found to be extremely higher than the reference range. They were estradiol and progesterone. According to the Walk-In Lab, “estradiol is only seen in the blood in large amounts during pregnancy.” When estradiol levels are high and continually increase in steady amounts, this indicates that there is a pregnancy. Progesterone is used to detect if there is either infertility or a failing

J.P. is a single 21-year-old female of Filipino descent and currently an undergraduate student. Currently living with parents and two siblings. Reason for seeking care is due to complains of lightheadedness, fatigue, painful abdominal cramping, prolonged menstrual bleeding, and low hematocrit and hemoglobin count. There is no medical history as a child, but has gone through two surgeries, a laparoscopic right ovarian cystectomy and a small bowel injury resulting in an excision and reanastomosis. Medication that are taken daily are Necon 0.5/35 mg-mcg tab PO 2x day, as well as iron supplement tablets PO 3x day to stop the irregular and prolonged menstrual bleeding, as well as help in the excessive blood loss. There is no record or history

All of these problems seem to be caused by the placenta not properly forming the normal network of blood vessels deep inside the uterus. Which leads to poor blood flow to the placenta. The placenta is what

Your pregnancy may be ectopic or even out into the abdominal cavity or You may have a blighted ovum. This is another type of miscarriage, the only way is wait and watch. Hope for the best to come.

ACOG, Management of anovulatory bleeding. 2000, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: Washington, DC. p. 1-12

While a uterine atony is usually why women bleed so heavily after childbirth, there are other less common reasons for heavy bleeding in women, and they

With that being said, the exact etiology of preeclampsia is unknown. There are many theories about what causes preeclampsia, but those theories are also stemming from the risk factors. Basically meaning if the blood vessels constrict and limit blood flow to places like the uterus while inflammation and even angiogenesis or the development of new blood vessels are present, then a reduction of blood flow circulation is decreased to the uterus, placenta, and even the baby (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & Wilson, 2010). This can cause risk with both baby and mother due to many factors. Preeclampsia effects the whole body of the mother by losing protein from the kidneys which results in hypovolemia; or the decrease circulation of the liver cause hepatic edema and even a possible hemorrhage (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, & Wilson, 2010).

•It is not even known to be the definite cause because it is still unknown the exact cause of eclampsia but it has been said that it is from the abnormal cells of blood vessels. Some contributing risk factors associated with eclampsia are: history of high blood pressure prior to pregnancy, mother carrying more than one baby, a mother or sister that had a history of eclampsia, or obesity, woman over the age of 30, and a woman that has had no prenatal care.

These organs are unique in that their functions are not necessary for the survival of each individual. Instead, their functions are vital to the continuation of the human species in providing maternity gynecologic health care, you will find that it is vital to you career as a practical nurse and to the patient that you will require a greater depth and breadth of knowledge of the female anatomy and physiology than usual. The female reproductive system consists of internal organs and external organs. The internal organs are located in the pelvic cavity and are supported by the pelvic floor. The external organs are located from the lower margin of the pubis to the perineum. The appearance of the external genitals varies greatly from woman to woman, since age, heredity, race, and the number of children a woman has borne determines the size, shapes, and color.