Assyrian Flag Research Paper

The Persian Empire began in 500 B.C.E. It was the world’s largest empire with diverse population of around 35 to 50 million people. The ancient Persians were the descendants of nomadic people, Indo-Europeans; They migrated from Central Asia in the east to the Iranian plateau. The empire began with the conquest by Cyrus the great. The empire ruled by the monarchs.

At its height, the ancient Assyrian Empire stretched from the north in the upper Tigris river valley, south to the northern tip of the Persian Gulf including Babylon, along the Mediterranean Sea from Tarsus to Jerusalem and all the way down into Egypt to the city of Thebes. This vast empire took several thousand years to build. Early settlements can be traced back to the northern city of Nineveh around 5000 B.C.

Cuneiform is a development of the early civilizations that has had, and continues to have, the greatest impact. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia had very defective ways of tracking events. Everyone, varying from farmers attempting to keep crop dates, to priests tracking ziggurat activity, struggled to remember important information. “The business activities of the ziggurat required the keeping of accurate records.” (Howe, H. & Howe, R., 1992). With no way to record important information, it was chaos. The Mesopotamians needed a way to fix this problem, a way to record information. An additional problem was communication; the Mesopotamians did not have a solid way of communicating ideas or stories. All stories needed to be passed down by word of mouth, this form of storytelling made it

The Persian Empire also known as the Persian Republic occupied the modern day Iran. This Empire inhabited a vase variety of cultures and religions with its occupancy of thirty five to fifty million residents. Its primary ethnicity was that of the Indo-European race. It was created in 539 B.C.E. and became the model empire for the creation of other Second-Wave Civilizations. It specialized in the ability to provide freedom to its many people. This allowed them to practice religion freely and participate in trade and commerce. The Persian Empire was a Monarchy: having one set ruler or king over the entire population. Persian Monarchy was very welcoming for its time. It allowed people to be free as long as some form of taxes was paid and the

The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and strongest Turkish Muslim empires in the world, with its capitol Constantinople it led the trade in the eastern and western world. Constantinople had total control of the Silk Road due to location, being in the middle of the black and Mediterranean Sea gave Constantinople total control of the trade market. Leading for more than 600 years (Modern World History, chap. 5, sect. 2) the Ottoman Empire served as a unification between different and separated parts of the Islamic world. The Ottoman Empire rose to power mainly due to Mongols destroying their Islamic dynasty known as the Seljuk Turks, this in turn caused the Ottoman Turks to regain their strength and regroup. Military leaders also played an important role in the development of the empire.

At the beginning of 19th century, the Ottoman Empire experienced a series of events that demonstrated the need for major reform efforts. Revolts were taking place in Serbia that were increasingly concerned about separating from Ottoman rule. Territory in the Balkans and in parts of modern day Turkey and Bulgaria had been ceded to Russia. In Egypt, the power vacuum left behind by the French had yet to be filled. Europe was increasingly intervened in Ottoman and Egyptian conflicts due to the fear that disintegration.

The Assyrian Empire was one of the most salient turning points in ancient history that changed the way society rules the world. The Assyrians contained many problems, including their lack of protection against invaders, vast land, and economy. However, this caused the empire to create goals in order to improve the civilization. Consequently, the Assyrians were able to accomplish their goal of having a much more advanced military as well as economic system and organized territories. Despite the development of Assyria, the impact of many kings/leaders prohibited them to flourish, leading to the collapse of the empire.

The Furniture Plaque Carved in Relief with a Griffin in a Floral Landscape is a square plaque measuring 7.8 cm by 6.1 cm, and carved out of ivory from an elephant tusk, most likely from African elephants imported from south of Egypt (The Met.). The picture on the face of the plaque is of a griffin, an animal having the head and wings of an eagle attached to a body and hindquarters of a lion (“Griffin”). The griffin shown has sharp talons and beak with pointed eyes. Lions were repeatedly seen throughout Assyrian artwork (Ascalone). The muscular legs and abdomen paired with a strong neck and flanks gave a symbolic image of the ideal solider or army. People in this era knew how lions would have appeared face to face, untamed and never enclosed. To a people with needed protection from lions, their image represented a dominance and power. Two tenons, or pieces of wood that would have joined this artwork with another, suggest that there were more works of art surrounding it (The Met.). Other animals were also symbolic and literal figures for the Assyrians as they could represent tributes of power to characteristics such as being regal. For example, “ the

In the city- state of Babylon the people had be ruling the land for years and the surrounding cities have started to plan against the great city of Babylon. One city in particular had be waiting for the time to attack and gain control of the fertile crescent, that city was Assyria. The ruler of Babylon Shamash-mudammiq had fallen ill and the strength of the city had weaken. This was the chance that Assyria had been cranking for to take down Babylon. The one issue that came up was that the Babylonians main god was the god of war and strength. The idol that enabled the Babylonians to speak to the gods and receive aid from it was at the top of their ziggurat. The only way that the Assyrians believed that they could defeat Babylon was to steal the idol and use it themselves to defeat Babylon.

As known, both the Assyrian Empire and the Persian Empire were two of the earliest major Mesopotamian kingdoms in the world history. The Assyrians grew and expanded successfully for a period of approximately nineteen centuries from c. 2500 BC to 605 BC. The Persian Empire held its power beginning around 550 BC. However, no matter which civilizations the regions are, kings were all willing to put every effort in building luxurious and gorgeous palaces for their own kingdoms. Kings of the Assyrians and Persian Empires are not exception.

Museums are the most used in preserving history and culture. Artifacts can be stored there while allowing the public a chance to view the artifacts. During the time that the artifacts are there, historians continue research on their finds to better understand items’ past. However, the process can stop due to illegal selling and trading in the black market.The black market allows collectors to buy artifacts from sellers who steal them from museums and excavation. In countries that have corrupt governments,, the amount of items stolen are higher . From the NPR podcast, thieves are becoming huge threats to Iraqi museums, not to mention during the ongoing war there. Some artifacts are destroyed, but their mostly stolen which leaves unanswered questions

For a few centuries after the death of Shamshi-Adad I, Assyrian cities were subjugated by a succession of outsiders: Babylonians under Hammurabi, Hittites and Mitanni-Hurrians. From 1791 to 1360 A.D. control over Assyria passed back and forth, although Assyria itself remained more or less stable. After a power struggle between the Hittites and Mitanni, the Hittites successfully broke the power of the Mitanni in the region. Assyria then began to take control over territories that had belonged to Mitanni. The Hittites battled with the Assyrians, but the Assyrian king Ashur-Uballit stamped out any remaining Mitanni or Hittite control over northern Mesopotamia.

The Ottoman empire began in the area known as modern day Turkey by Turkic warrior groups in the early 1300s, and it lasted until after World War I in the 1920s. The Ottoman empire’s continued success through the Early Modern Era and after is attributed to the empire’s strong military, vast amount of territory, mastery of advanced technology, and incorporation of diverse cultures. Mehmed II was the ruler of the Ottoman empire throughout the mid fourteenth century, and during his rule, he made many improvements to the government and military, and aided in the empire’s success in conquest. Mehmed II’s rule of the Ottoman empire as well as the interception of advanced military technology allowed the empire use conquest to spread its authority and

The reliefs from the palace of King Assurnasirpal II at Nimrud play an important role in portraying the power and importance

Human being ‘homo sapiens’ have developed so many ways to communicate with each other, art is one of them. Art is the most popular way to let people know about the past. Before human civilization, when people used to live in the cave, people used to use art for hunting, astronomical observatory, solar calendar and cultivating etc. We have seen using of art different way during the time period of Akkadian. Through the deep observation of Akkadian’s art history, we came to know about their political concepts, kingdoms, weapons, outfits, etc. Unfortunately, the specific site of the city Akkad, which was in the vicinity of Babylon, yet to be discovered (Kleiner, Fred S. 2017, p.26). Akkadian empire is one of the most interesting time periods in