Essay Describe How Albuterol Helps Control Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway that impacts a person’s and their family’s quality of life. In people with asthma, their airway becomes constricted with swelling and excessive mucous. This constriction or narrowing of the airway makes it difficult for the person with asthma to breath (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009). If asthma is left uncontrolled, it leads to further wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tiredness, and stress. (Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 2009).

It’s not simply the particular giving of the medications that fare up all the time. It is checking the medical record with the hand written prescriptions, grouping the varied medications and also the instrumentation for giving them, and ensuring all the patients safety measure are covered.

Checking, double checking and triple checking a medication prior to administration may seem extreme, but at times it is crucial in preventing a mistake. Also taking extra care when administering medications that sound very similar to one another, but may have entirely different effects on

Pharmacists are highly educated in the form, uses, and interactions of certain medicines and also in how those medicines affect normal body functions. They keep thorough patient medication records, which contain

There are several types of medication, each has a purpose and function needed for their administration via the different routes.

R.J. is a 15-year-old boy with a history of asthma diagnosed at age 8. His asthma episodes are triggered by exposure to cats and various plant pollens. He has been using his albuterol inhaler 10 to 12 times per day over the last 3 days and is continuing to wheeze. He normally needs his inhaler only occasionally (2 or 3 times per week). He takes no other medications and has no other known medical conditions. Physical examination reveals moderate respiratory distress with a respiratory rate of 32, oximetry 90%, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 60% of predicted, and expiratory wheezing.

Background: the patient was admitted two days ago for a COPD exacerbation, and receiving albuterol every four hours via nebulizer.

Albuterol is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. This means, that this inhaler helps you to breathe when you are experiencing troubles breathing from asthma symptoms.

Breathing is a vital process for every human. Normal breathing is practically effortless for most people, but those with asthma face a great challenge. During an asthma attack, breathing is hampered, making it difficult or even impossible for air to flow through the lungs. Asthma is an increasingly common problem, and has become the most common chronic childhood disease. At least 17 million Americans suffer from it(1), and although it can be fatal, it is usually not that severe(4). There is no cure for asthma, but with proper care, it can usually be controlled.

Asthma is the most common childhood condition in Australia (Better Health Channel, 2015). The National Institute of Health [NIH] (2014), describes asthma is a chronic long-term lung disease that causes a person’s airways to swell and become very sensitive. The airways are tubes that carry air into and out of a person’s lungs. When theses airways react to certain stimuli, the muscles around them tighten, narrowing the airways and causing less air to flow to the lungs. When this occurs, cells in the airways can also make more mucus than usual, which causes a sticky, thick liquid to be excreted and further narrows the swollen airways. This process is all caused when the person inhales certain substances that aggravate the sensitive airways.

Adrenoceptor agonists relax airway smooth muscle, and inhibit the release of bronchoconstricting mediators from mast cells. They can also increase mucociliary transport via increasing ciliary activity, and inhibit microvascular leakage. These are achieved through stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, which increase the formation of intracellular cAMP. 2-selective drugs include ephedrine, albuterol, terbutaline, pirbuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, and indacaterol. Anti-inflammatory agents such as an inhaled corticosteroid can provide long-term control. These inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the infiltration of asthmatic airways by mast cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. If taken frequently, these decrease bronchial reactivity, and reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations. Some inhaled corticosteroids include beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, mometasone, and

It then travels down the trachea to the bronchi into the bronchioles then to the alveoli where oxygen is transferred to the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled from the blood to the air. Pathophysiology of the lungs with Asthma has multiple aspects. Some of those are Bronchoconstriction, Airway edema, Airway hyper responsiveness and airway remodeling not to mention the immunohistopathologic features. The immunohistopathologic features include inflammatory cell infiltration of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Mast cell activation and Epithelial cell injury. With asthma, bronchoconstriction is one of the main physical events leading up to an asthma attack. The narrowing and constriction of airflow into the lungs can happen quickly and sometime without warning. With an acute attack the smooth muscles contract and it causes narrowing in the airway tract causing a patient to have difficulty breathing. This attacks can stem from a variety of irritants or allergens. When they body is introduced to an irritant or allergen it can cause Lymphocytes, specifically T helper 2 cells and Mast cells to release inflammation mediators which include tryptase, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamine, some of them are also bronchoconstrictor mediators. A variety of stimuli can cause the smooth muscles of the bronchials to contract thus narrowing the airway, which causes an interference in airflow. Aspirin and

4. Explain the stepwise approach and how it is utilized in care of the asthma patient.

Albuterol is a racemic mixture contains 50% of each R-albuterol, the active enantiomer, and S-albuterol. S-albuterol has no clinical ability in relaxing pulmonary smooth muscle. Besides, S-albuterol may antagonize the actions of R-albuterol, and may induce bronchoconstriction

Woo and Wynne (2012) define asthma as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways (Woo & Wynne, 2012). Asthma is a condition that cannot be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Inhaled corticosteroids are known to be the most effective form of long-term management of persistent asthma (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013). Inhaled corticosteroids help keep asthma under control daily and make it less likely to have an asthma attack (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Beta adrenergic agonists are used as quick relief medication to treat acute asthma attacks, but regular long term use of beta adrenergic agonists are not as beneficial as inhaled corticosteroids (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013).