Astonomy

6.2) If the mass of Body 2 was increased, then other bodies would be attracted to it and would change their orbits to come closer to Body 2. This would also affect the central star’s orbit because it is attracted to another mass of relatively large size. This occurs because there is a stronger gravitational pull because the object is now more massive and F_g= (Gm_1 m_2)/r^2

the heliocentric solar system. Johannes Kepler further modified the heliocentric system, by mathematically showing that the planets’ orbits are elliptical. With his invention of the telescope, Galileo made new observations about the solar system and found mathematical laws that described the movement of the planets. Later, Isaac Newton established a universal law of gravity. With the new scientific discoveries, the gap between religion and science increased. Science revolutionized the human though and its understanding of the universe.

The third rule simply states that all bodies that were in the event of a phenomena should be determined through scientific investigation. These explanations should apply to every instance of that phenomena. From experiments and astronomical observations, Newton states that all bodies gravitate towards Earth. Here he is explaining gravity on earth.

Before Newton talked about gravitation the main knowledge of scientists was a elementary knowledge of optics, mechanics and astronomy.Copernicus Kepler and Galileo provided the background knowledge of the stars and planets, but Newton used their data to discover the whole gravitational system.10Newton reasoned that the planets and all other physical objects in the universe moved through mutual attraction of gravity.Newton said that every other object in the universe affected every other object through gravity.This explained why the planets move in an orderly fashion. Newton found that “the force of gravity towards the whole planet did arise from and was compounded of the forces of gravity towards all it’s parts, and towards every one part was in the inverse proportion of the squares of the distances from this part.”Newton proves all of this mathematically. This was known to be the single most important contribution to physics that ever has been made.11

Despite maturing in growth, Isaac was almost always absentminded. He thought of problems in his head and ignored any other subject until he solved them. Writing on a journal where he plastered his thoughts, Isaac continued to write theories on mathematics and laws of gravity. It was then that Newton realized what he wanted to do; he wanted to explore territory that other scientists had not dared to observe. In 1666, at the mere age of twenty three, Isaac presented his theory of gravitation. He was able to explain that a particle attracts to every other particle using a force directly proportional to the square of the distance between them. His breakthrough find has not just transformed the idea of gravitation around Earth but universal gravitation as a

Every object in the universe that has mass exerts a gravitational pull, or force, on every other mass. The size of the pull depends on the masses of the objects. You exert a gravitational force on the people around you, but that force isn't very strong, since people aren't very massive. When you look at really large masses, like the Earth and Moon, the gravitational pull becomes very impressive. The gravitational force between the Earth and the molecules of gas in the atmosphere is strong enough to hold the atmosphere close to our surface. Smaller planets, that have less mass, may not be able to hold an atmosphere. This can be related to the gravity force lab because you can make the person with either magnet bigger or smaller. When you made both bigger they were harder to pull apart but when you make them both smaller they were easier to pull apart.

Gravity is the force which attracts an object to the center of the earth, and toward any other physical object having mass. Issac Newton and Albert Einstein both contributed to today's knowledge of gravity.Newton started working in 1687 by scratch, he knew nothing about gravity it until he saw an apple fall. Newton dint have much friends growing up because he would lock himself in his room and brainstorming ideas about how gravity could work. A few decades later Einstein started brainstorming off Newtons work to get an even better understanding of it.

He was quite unfortunate when he was young. He lost his father, who died in a battle in Holland, when he was five, and he was left to be taken care of solely by his mother. In addition, he had bad health in his childhood due to a disease called smallpox. However, even though he was physically ill, he was mentally strong. His astonishing problem solving skill was shown when guests at his grandfather’s inn asked him to solve problems involving numbers. What is more, under the influence of her mother’s love of the natural world, Kepler had the opportunity to get exposed to stars, comets, and other objects in the sky at night. His mother had helped to shape her son’s path to explore the unknowns and to change people’s perceptions on the solar system and the

mass. These laws explain why the act of one object orbiting another is possible. He explained

The discovery of these laws, laid down a basic foundation for the physics of motion. Newton's three laws of gravity changed the way in which the world was perceived, because of their accuracy in describing many unexplained phenomenons.3 They explained what happens as a result of different variables, but most importantly, they explained why and how these actions happen. Like many of Isaac Newtons ideas and theories, the three laws of motion had a profound impact on the scientific community. The three laws of motions provided an explanation for almost everything in macro physics. Macro Physics is the branch of physics that deals with physical objects large enough to be observed and treated directly.4 This allowed for many new advancements in physics because the foundation had been build for others to develop upon. Isaac Newton published these findings in his revolutionary book “The Principa”. The Principa was revolutionary book because it organized the bulk of his life’s work, More importantly the

His first law states, “The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.” As shown in Figure 1, The Sun is not at the focus of the ellipse, but is instead at one focus [usually there is nothing at the other focus of the ellipse]. The planet then trails the ellipse in its orbit, which implies that the Earth-Sun distance is continually changing as the planet goes around its orbit. Kepler’s second law states, “The line joining the planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the planet travels around the ellipse.” As shown in Figure 2, an imaginary line from the center of the sun to the center of a planet sweeps out the same area in a given time. This means that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun. Kepler’s third and final law states, “The time taken by a planet to make one complete trip around the sun is its period. The ratio of the squares of periodic times for two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances from the sun.” Kepler’s third law indicates that the time taken by a planet to orbit the Sun increases quickly with the radius of its orbit ("Johannes Kepler: The” 1-4). Kepler’s laws challenged Aristotelean and Ptolemaic astronomy. His statement that the Earth

After Tycho’s death, his assistant, young mathematician Johannes Kepler used Tycho’s observations and came up with his First Law that orbits of the planets are elliptical instead of round like Copernicus believed. With his Second Law, Kepler stated that the speed of the planets depends on their distance from the sun which helped English astronomer and physicist Isaac Newton, to come up with his Law of Universal Gravitation.

Refraction is when light waves modify course as they run beginning with one medium then onto the following. Light ventures slower in air than in a vacuum, and fundamentally slower in water. As light goes into a substitute medium, the alteration in rate curves the light. Different wavelengths of light are prevented at different rates, which causes them to turn at different focuses. For example, when the full scope of evident light experiences the glass of a precious stone, the wavelengths are segregated into the shades of the

"Gravity is a force of attraction that exists between any two masses, any two bodies, any two particles. Gravity is not just the attraction between objects and the Earth. It is the attraction that exists between all objects". (NASA gravity 2000) Gravity is a very essential part of life on earth. We are in the exact position in the sun's gravitational field to keep us in orbit and keep life ongoing on our planet. Gravity is a downward force on any body of mass, the larger the mass of the body, the stronger the gravitational force. On earth the force is 9.8 N/Kg (Newton's per Kilogram) roughly, depending on where you are on earth.

Conclusion: The result supports the hypothesis, that as the mass increases so will the force as there is a general trend that shows when mass is increased so is the force.