Astrocytomas Research Paper

A person has a 0.55–0.7% chance of developing any type of brain tumor in their lifetime (Mohammadi and Schroeder 1). A brain tumor is a mass of abnormal cells located somewhere in the brain. Brain tumors can be caused by many different disorders including Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Some tumors caused by this disorder are inoperable. Inoperable brain tumors can now be treated using new advanced technology. Technological advances provide new hope for patients who have inoperable brain tumors and TSC.

Stage 3 astrocytoma also called anaplastic astrocytoma is a tumor which the causes are still unknown. It attacks the brain and the spinal cords. The treatment for this tumor is rude. This case present a girl, Jenni Lake, 17 years old, which suffers of this disease. She was diagnosed with 3 tumors on her brain and 3 others on her spine. However, she is young and has the great chances to recover from her tumors. Nevertheless, the treatment required some restrictions and is not favorable to some health conditions like pregnancy. Then, while she was doing her treatment, she was confused because she discovered her pregnancy. If she decides to keep the pregnancy, she has to stop the treatment and cut her chance to recover

Glioblastoma (pronounced like gleO blastoma) is an incurable brain cancer,Survival rate is usually measured in months.This became a word that was instantly defined, researched, dissected, feared, and tried to comprehend and understand by family,friends and acquaintances of Larry McKee (McKee)who was personally affected from this single word, it was quickly added to their vocabulary, because of the of the events that transpired on October 22, 2011 that forever changed lives “Glioblastomas are tumors that arise from the astrocytes- the star-shaped cells that make up the “glue-like,” or supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors are usually highly malignant (cancerous) because the cells reproduce quickly and they are supported by a large network of blood vessels.”(A.B.T A..) He was diagnosed with stage four.

The primary ones include these types. Gliomas, the most common brain tumor involving the brain tissue. There are different grades and even types of gliomas. But if the tumor grade is higher, it will probably grow faster. Medullblastomas are brain tumors that in young children. Without treatment it will spread rapidly into the spinal fluid and other parts of the brain. But almost or half of the brain tumors found are benign. These types of brain tumors are usually Meningiomas and Neuromas. Meningiomas begin in the tissue membranes. Neuromas are in the nerves mostly in people over

Tumors can be classified into three types: 1) benign 2) pre malignant 3) malignant tumor. Benign tumors are those which are incapable of abrupt expanding and affecting the other healthy brain tissues. Premalignant tumor is a pre cancerous stage, if not treated properly it may lead to cancers. It is often considered as a disease. Malignant tumor grows rapidly with time an ultimately leads to death of patient. Malignant is a medical term describing a sever growth of a disease. The most common primary brain Tumors are gliomas, wherein 70% are in the group of malignant gliomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM).The GBM is one of the highest malignant human

Glioma is a tumor that is a type of brain cancer. Glioma tumors are made up by cells called glial cells. Glial cells normally provide nutrition, oxygen, and structural support to the brain. Three types of glial cells can produce tumors. Gliomas are named after the type of glial cell that is involved in the tumor. A tumor is formed when the glial cells grow into an abnormal mass of tissue. Gliomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors that occur in adults.

Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults and a critical cause of cancer mortality. According to the World Health Organization, gliomas classified into four grades, which are determined by the pathologic evaluation of the tumor. Low-grade gliomas (grades I and II) and high-grade gliomas (grades III and IV).

Current investigations indicate that Central neurocytoma could be of astrocytic origin or mixed lineages. Immunohistochemical tests shows multiple positive markers of neural cell that includes synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, neuronal specific nuclear protein , and neuron specific class III beta tubulin. In addition to dense core vesicles and parallel microtubules are present in pathology. The tumor also shows positive neurofilament (NF) staining but some of the Central Neurocytoma fails to show consistent pathology. Unfortunately, the Immunohistochemical studies are not specific to draw a concrete conclusion to the origin of neurocytoma. Von Deimling et al. investigation indicated that Central neurocytoma shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Syn, which is related to reactive astrocytes. Other studies were unable to attain the same results. In vitro, the tumor cells tend to become glial cells regardless of the medium of the culture. In vivo, the origin of the cells is not clear. Some researches hypothesize that CN arise from neural stem cells surrounding the ventricle zones. This hypothesize was based on high levels of choline, cholinergic receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and normal or low levels of glutamate and catecholamines. Kim et al also showed the presence of Musashi-1, and the neuroep- ithelial enhancer gene nestin. These results point towards possible genetic properties to

Abstract Background Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is the most common central nervous system tumor in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although these lesions are generally benign and non-infiltrative, they commonly arise in the region of the foramen of Monro, where they can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death. Methods Surgical resection has been, and presently remains, the standard treatment for SEGAs demonstrating serial growth on neuroimaging in the setting of symptomatic hydrocephalus or progressive ventriculomegaly. Discussion Surgery can be curative; however, not all SEGAs are amenable to safe and complete resection.

Neurofibromas may become apparent from ten to fifteen years of age. Symptoms like café-au-lait, freckling, and lisch nodules pose little to no health risk to a person. Neurofibromas are mostly a cosmetic concern but they can be psychologically distressing. Neurofibromas can grow inside the body and may affect organs and could be severely debilitating. Fifty percent of children with type one may have learning disabilities, hyperactivity, seizures, and speech impediments. Type two is less common but it also causes more tumors. Symptoms for type two include: schwannomas, brain tumors, tinnitus, cataracts at young ages, spinal tumors, balance problems, and atrophy. Schwannomas are tumors along the eighth cranial nerve. Tinnitus is ringing noises inside the ear, hearing loss, or deafness. Cataracts cause clouding in the lens of the eye. Atrophy is wasting of the muscles or organs. Hearing loss can begin as early as the person’s teenage

According to the WHO the glioma divides in to four grades depends on the biologoical behavior and degree of malignancy.

Astrocytoma are tumors that arise in the astrocytes of the brain. This specific tumor type can lead to effects such as headaches, seizures, memory loss, and changes in behavior when left untreated (“Astrocytoma”, 2014). Astrocytoma are graded in severity on a scale from I to IV based on the normality of the cells, with I being the least severe and IV being life threatening (“Astrocytoma”, 2014). For low grade astrocytoma, it is unclear as to which form of primary treatment is most beneficial, radiotherapy or neurosurgery, due to the fact that neurosurgery is often more effective in removing the tumor, but also exhibits a higher risk to the subject when the tumor is low grade (Kennedy, 2015). Other factors that may

It is the first step in formation of glial scar in the damaged area. As it can be seen in the Figure 5.a, astrocytes do not overlap processes of neighbouring astrocytes and there is little proliferation to accure. Moreover, high numbers of astrocyte express detectable amount of GFAP and other genes [20]. The moderate reactive astrogliosis is still not fully understood.

Common malignant brain cancers increase significantly according to statistical data collected by the National Cancer Institute. In 1984, the annual incidence rates of primary brain tumor and primary brain lymphoma also increased notably, the rate of lymphoma almost tripling,

My life has been a crazy roller coaster with many events that have affected my life all in different ways. There have been times where my life has been at its highest peak in the world then it falls down, right into a deep valley. From the time my lovable younger sister came into my life to when my grandpa had a near death experience, I have learned many valuable lessons through the rough times as well as the more happy times. When I was a young girl, my mom had always told me the same thing over and over again. I never really thought about how a few words would have a deep effect on me in a short amount of time.