Astrocytomas Research Paper

Stage 3 astrocytoma also called anaplastic astrocytoma is a tumor which the causes are still unknown. It attacks the brain and the spinal cords. The treatment for this tumor is rude. This case present a girl, Jenni Lake, 17 years old, which suffers of this disease. She was diagnosed with 3 tumors on her brain and 3 others on her spine. However, she is young and has the great chances to recover from her tumors. Nevertheless, the treatment required some restrictions and is not favorable to some health conditions like pregnancy. Then, while she was doing her treatment, she was confused because she discovered her pregnancy. If she decides to keep the pregnancy, she has to stop the treatment and cut her chance to recover

Abstract Background Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is the most common central nervous system tumor in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although these lesions are generally benign and non-infiltrative, they commonly arise in the region of the foramen of Monro, where they can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death. Methods Surgical resection has been, and presently remains, the standard treatment for SEGAs demonstrating serial growth on neuroimaging in the setting of symptomatic hydrocephalus or progressive ventriculomegaly. Discussion Surgery can be curative; however, not all SEGAs are amenable to safe and complete resection.

Glioma is a tumor that is a type of brain cancer. Glioma tumors are made up by cells called glial cells. Glial cells normally provide nutrition, oxygen, and structural support to the brain. Three types of glial cells can produce tumors. Gliomas are named after the type of glial cell that is involved in the tumor. A tumor is formed when the glial cells grow into an abnormal mass of tissue. Gliomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors that occur in adults.

Current investigations indicate that Central neurocytoma could be of astrocytic origin or mixed lineages. Immunohistochemical tests shows multiple positive markers of neural cell that includes synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, neuronal specific nuclear protein , and neuron specific class III beta tubulin. In addition to dense core vesicles and parallel microtubules are present in pathology. The tumor also shows positive neurofilament (NF) staining but some of the Central Neurocytoma fails to show consistent pathology. Unfortunately, the Immunohistochemical studies are not specific to draw a concrete conclusion to the origin of neurocytoma. Von Deimling et al. investigation indicated that Central neurocytoma shows glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Syn, which is related to reactive astrocytes. Other studies were unable to attain the same results. In vitro, the tumor cells tend to become glial cells regardless of the medium of the culture. In vivo, the origin of the cells is not clear. Some researches hypothesize that CN arise from neural stem cells surrounding the ventricle zones. This hypothesize was based on high levels of choline, cholinergic receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and normal or low levels of glutamate and catecholamines. Kim et al also showed the presence of Musashi-1, and the neuroep- ithelial enhancer gene nestin. These results point towards possible genetic properties to

The diseases associated with FUBP1 include oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and oligoastrocytomas. Oligodendrogliomas are primary glial brain tumors and can be either low-grade (grade II) or high-grade (grade III). [2] Since oligodendrogliomas have a slow growth rate, they are often present for years before they are diagnosed. Nevertheless, the most common symptoms include: seizures, headaches, and personality changes. Altogether, the symptoms vary by location and size of the tumor. About 66 to 78 % of people with grade II oligodendroglioma survive for about 5 years after diagnoses, while 30 to 38 % of people with grade III will survive for about 5 years after they are diagnosed. [3] Astrocytoma is another type of brain cancer that stats in the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain, but can also appear in the cerebellum, which is the back of the brain. It is more common in men than in women. Like oligodendrogliomas, the most common symptoms of astrocytomas include: headaches, seizure, changes in behavior and memory loss. [4] Prognosis of astrocytomas depends on the type of astrocytoma. Altogether, a low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) has an 83 % 10-year overall survival, while the overall survival rate of a high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) range between 15-20%. In both oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas, the FUBP1 locus is mutated which leads to the inactivation of

Glioblastoma (pronounced like gleO blastoma) is an incurable brain cancer,Survival rate is usually measured in months.This became a word that was instantly defined, researched, dissected, feared, and tried to comprehend and understand by family,friends and acquaintances of Larry McKee (McKee)who was personally affected from this single word, it was quickly added to their vocabulary, because of the of the events that transpired on October 22, 2011 that forever changed lives “Glioblastomas are tumors that arise from the astrocytes- the star-shaped cells that make up the “glue-like,” or supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors are usually highly malignant (cancerous) because the cells reproduce quickly and they are supported by a large network of blood vessels.”(A.B.T A..) He was diagnosed with stage four.

The primary ones include these types. Gliomas, the most common brain tumor involving the brain tissue. There are different grades and even types of gliomas. But if the tumor grade is higher, it will probably grow faster. Medullblastomas are brain tumors that in young children. Without treatment it will spread rapidly into the spinal fluid and other parts of the brain. But almost or half of the brain tumors found are benign. These types of brain tumors are usually Meningiomas and Neuromas. Meningiomas begin in the tissue membranes. Neuromas are in the nerves mostly in people over

To conserve the normal function and still be able to eliminate cancer, has been a real struggle within the scientific world. The 5-year survival rate of all cancers is only 60%. [] Brain tumors stand at the third position after pancreatic and lung cancers, with survival rate less than 5 years in 50% of the patients. The most dangerous form of brain tumor with mean survival rate less than 15 months after diagnosis is Glioblastoma.

The age of onset and diseases associated allow prediction of transformation5. Larger lesions with a later onset typically remain stable, especially if the subject is over 25 years old5. It’s expected that if the lesion is recorded at a young age, it may go under small changes and enlarge5. Retinal astrocytic hamartomas can be a congenital or acquired finding. It is a common finding with a systemic diseases such as tuberous sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, or neurofibromatosis1. Systemic disorders will typically result in bilateral and multiple astrocytic hamartomas ,whereas idiopathic findings in a normal person will often result in unilateral and single lesions1,4.

Common malignant brain cancers increase significantly according to statistical data collected by the National Cancer Institute. In 1984, the annual incidence rates of primary brain tumor and primary brain lymphoma also increased notably, the rate of lymphoma almost tripling,

Gliomas are broad category of brain tumors arising from glial cells. They are the most common primary malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system. They are classified into low-grade (WHO grades I and II) and high-grade (WHO grade III and IV) tumors. Almost 80% of gliomas are astrocytic tumors including Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Diagnosis of glioma includes a CT scan/MRI scan and biopsy. These tumors are highly resistant to current treatment modalities including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, antiangiogenic therapy, and experimental approaches such as gene transfer, their prognosis is dismal.Malignant gliomas results from a multistep process which involves genetic alterations arised from innate and environmental

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a tumor that arises from lower-grade astrocytoma, which are tumors originating from astrocytes. Astrocytes are the supportive tissue of the brain that support the health of the nerve cells. GBM is the most common type of malignant, or cancerous, brain tumor among adults. Glioblastoma Multiforme occurs most often in the cerebral hemispheres, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Glioblastoma tumors are the most invasive type of glial, or brain, tumors. GBMs make their own blood supply, which helps them grow rapidly and easily spread to normal brain tissue.

It is the first step in formation of glial scar in the damaged area. As it can be seen in the Figure 5.a, astrocytes do not overlap processes of neighbouring astrocytes and there is little proliferation to accure. Moreover, high numbers of astrocyte express detectable amount of GFAP and other genes [20]. The moderate reactive astrogliosis is still not fully understood.

Glioblastoma is the most deadly form of brain cancer, accounting for over 15,000 deaths in 2015 alone, and is responsible for 52% of all primary brain tumors. There are 2.96 cases of glioblastoma for every 100,000 people. Glioblastoma is so fatal because it does not react to normal cancer treatments like radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery the same way that other cancers do.

My life has been a crazy roller coaster with many events that have affected my life all in different ways. There have been times where my life has been at its highest peak in the world then it falls down, right into a deep valley. From the time my lovable younger sister came into my life to when my grandpa had a near death experience, I have learned many valuable lessons through the rough times as well as the more happy times. When I was a young girl, my mom had always told me the same thing over and over again. I never really thought about how a few words would have a deep effect on me in a short amount of time.